Gene Expression

Question 1

Central Dogma

Answer 1

DNA directs protein synthesis

gene-pre mRNA - functional mRNA- amino acid chain - protein - phenotype

Question 2

RNA v. DNA

Answer 2

• RNA is single stranded, has uracil instead of thymine and is located in the nucleus, cytosol, helps make ribosomes and it more functional
• DNA is double stranded, uses ATCG, is located in the nucleus
• similarities are that they have the same phosphate and sugars vary slightly but bases and location are the most different

Question 3

types of RNA

Answer 3

mRNA-Messenger
tRNA- Tranfer
rRNA- Ribosomal

Question 4

codon

Answer 4

3 base sequence on mRNA that specfies only one amino acid

Question 5

anticodon

Answer 5

3 base sequence on tRNA and it matches a codon

Question 6

pre-mRNA

Answer 6

the new nucleotide sequence and only forms from the 5’ end

-splicing to remove introns and keeping exons(coding regions)

Question 7

Regulatory region and factors

Answer 7

a segment of a nucleic acid molecule which is capable of increasing or decreasing the expression of specific genes within an organism

Question 8

TATA box

Answer 8

DNA sequence that indicates where a genetic sequence can be read and decoded. Type of promotor sequence

Question 9

RNA polymerase

Answer 9

enzyme that produces primary transcript RNA in transcription

Question 10

Coding strand

Answer 10

is primed to be copied into single stranded pre mRNA

Question 11

Cap

Answer 11

methylated cap added to 5’ end that helps link mRNA to ribosome

Question 12

Tail

Answer 12

poly a tail added to 3’ end and is a sequence of adenines which gives stability

Question 13

snRNPS

Answer 13

snurps are enzymes which are small nucelular ribo nuclic proteins in splicosomes

Question 14

Spliceosomes

Answer 14

remove introns from pre mRNA and the remaining exons are fused

Question 15

introns

Answer 15

non coding regions

Question 16

exons

Answer 16

coding regions and get fused together

Question 17

isoforms

Answer 17

different forms of a protein

-can be generated by removing introns with splicosomes

Question 18

code redudancy

Answer 18

same amino acid can be coded by more than one codon which is cricks idea of wobble hypothesis

Question 19

peptide bond

Answer 19

the chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group and amino acid of one chain

Question 20

polypeptide chain

Answer 20

amino acid chain linked together by peptide bonds

Question 21

chaperone

Answer 21

assist in the movement of amino acid chain to lumen

Question 22

transcription

Answer 22

transfer of genetic information from the base sequence of DNA to the base sequence of RNA

Question 23

translation

Answer 23

conversion of information encoded in the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule into the linear sequence of amino acids in a protein