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SP Anatomy exam 1 > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

ANATOMICALLY, the nervous system consists of

A

CNS - Brain and Spinal cord

PNS - Cranial and Spinal nerves

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2
Q

Somatic Nervous system

A

Provides sensory information from the external environment to the conscious level and provides innervation to striated muscles

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3
Q

Autonomic Nervous system

A

Provides brain and spinal cord with sensory information from the internal environment and allows for the secretion of glands and contraction of smooth muscles

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4
Q

Neuraxis of the brain

A

extends through the brainstem in a transverse section. A second horizontal neuraxis forms after the brainstem in the cerebrum

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5
Q

The Neural tube

A

The brain and spinal cord arise from tube of ectoderm induced to form by the presence of the notochord

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6
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Most caudal embryological subdivision. Consists of Myelencephalon and Metencephalon

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7
Q

Myelencephalon

A

Medulla oblongata

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8
Q

Metencephalon

A

Pons and Cerebellum

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9
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

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10
Q

Prosencephalon

A

Cerebrum

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11
Q

Diencephalon

A

“inbetween brain”

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12
Q

Telencephalon

A

Cerebral hemispheres and Corpus Striatum of basal ganglia

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13
Q

Remnants of the central
canal of the neural tube specialize to become the
___________ _________ of the brain and spinal cord

A

Ventricular Cavities

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14
Q

The Ventricular Cavities are:

A 
Spinal cord - Central canal
Rhombencephalon - 4th ventricle
Midbrain - cerebral aqueduct
Diencephalon - 3rd ventricle
Telencephalon - 1st and 2nd ventricle (lateral)
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15
Q

Each vertebra consists of a _____, ________s and ______s that meet to form a spinous process

A

body, pedicles, and arches

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16
Q

The structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the

A

Neuron

17
Q

Neurons receive and transmit bioelectrical signals:

A

to and from other neurons, from specialized receptors, to and from muscles and glands

18
Q

Cell Body

A

Contains elements essential to the operation of the

neuron

19
Q

Axon

A

Covered with insulating sheath of myelin

Carries signals away from the cell body.

20
Q

Dendrite

A

Is not covered with myelin.

Carries signals toward the cell body.

21
Q

A group of cell bodies is called a _______ in the CNS? in the PNS?

A 
CNS = nucleus
PNS = ganglion
22
Q

A group of axons in the CNS is called

A

a tract, peduncle, or lemniscus

23
Q

A group of axons in the PNS is called

A

a nerve

24
Q

In order to trace a pathway within the CNS or to identify

the anatomical location of a neurological lesion….

A

we must be aware of the side

25
Q

Ipsilateral

A 
the axon (tract) courses and/or terminates
on the same side as its cell body (nucleus)
26
Q

Contralateral

A

the axon (tract) courses and/or
terminates on the side opposite its cell body
(nucleus)

27
Q

Bilateral

A 
the axon (tract) divides and courses and/or
terminates on both sides
28
Q

Decussation

A

fibers ascend/descend as they cross.

29
Q

Commissure

A

fibers pass directly from one side to the

other.

30
Q

The surface of the cerebral hemisphere is furrowed by

A

Sulci

31
Q

Very deep sulci are called

A

Fissures

32
Q

Lies Rostral to the central sulcus and

superior to the lateral fissure (lateral view)

A

Frontal Lobe

33
Q

lies behind an imaginary line
drawn from the parieto-occipital sulcus to the
preoccipital notch. (lateral view)

A

Occiptal Lobe

34
Q

lies below the lateral fissure and
an imaginary extension drawn caudally to the
occipital lobe. (lateral view)

A

Temporal Lobe

35
Q

occupies the remainder of the

lateral surface

A

Parietal Lobe

36
Q

is the largest of the
commissures and interconnects the cerebral
cortex on the right and left sides.

A

Corpus Callosum

37
Q

Vertebral column consists of

A

7 cervical vertebrae
12 thoracic vertebrae
5 lumbar vertebrae
5 sacral vertebrae

38
Q

Each spinal nerve exit through its __________ ________ early in embryology - the vertebral
column continues to extend (grow)

A

Intervertebral Foramen

SP Anatomy exam 1 (8 decks)

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