Autonomic Nervous System Flashcards
Where is the cell body of origin for preganglionic neurons? Where does it terminate?
origin = CNS; terminates in ganglion
Where does the postganglionic neuron terminate?
Target Tissue
Location of Sympathetic Preganglionic CBO
T1 - L2
Lateral horn
Neurotransmitter of Sympathetic Preganglionic CBO
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter of Sympathetic Postganglionic CBO
Norepinephrine
Location of Parasympathetic Preganglionic CBO
Brainstem autonomic nuclei
Sacral cord
Neurotransmitter of Parasympathetic Preganglionic CBO
Acetylcholine
Neurotransmitter of Parasympathetic Postganglionic CBO
Acetylcholine
Function of Sympathetic Division
Fright, flight and/or fight
Function of Parasympathetic Division
Rest and Digest
Function of Enteric Division
Local control of viscera
The Enteric Division provides innervation for
Intestinal tract
Pancreas
Gall bladder
provides motor innervation to both layers of the tunica muscularis, having both parasympathetic and sympathetic input. Major innervation for GI tract
Myenteric plexus (of Auerbach)
Innervates the small intestine with strictly parasympathetic fibers and provides secretomotor innervation to the mucosa nearest the lumen of the gut
Submucous plexus (of Meissner)
Sympathetic pathway: Preganglionic -> Skin
Lateral Horn -> Ventral Root -> Spinal nerve -> white communicating ramus -> paravertebral chain -> Postganglionic neuron -> Gray communicating ramus -> Peripheral target (smooth muscle/glands)
Preganglionic axons ascend and descend in
Paravertebral chain
Paravertebral chain order
Paravertebral chain ascends in neck Inferior cervical (stellate) ganglion Middle cervical ganglion Superior cervical ganglion Postganglionic fibers Carotid plexus
Prevertebral Ganglia
Celiac ganglion
Superior mesenteric ganglion
Inferior mesenteric ganglion
Adrenal Gland
Receives preganglionic fibers
Adrenal medulla consists of postganglionic neurons
Distribution of Sympathetic division to head
Carotic plexus
Postganglionic neuron axons
Distribute to terminal segment of cranial
nerves
Horner Syndrome definition and symptoms
Horner syndrome is due to a deficiency of sympathetic activity. The site of lesion to the sympathetic outflow is on the ipsilateral side of the symptoms.
Ptosis (eyelid droop) - Superior Tarsal Muscle
Miosis (small pupil) - pupillary constrictor muscle
Anhydrosis (dry skin)
Endophthalmos (apparent sunken eye)
Four Cranial Nerves with parasympathetic fibers
Cranial nerve III - Oculomotor
Cranial nerve VII - Facial
Cranial nerve IX - Glossopharyngeal
Cranial nerve X - Vagus
Edinger-Westphal nucleus
Located in midbrain. Supplies preganglionic parasympathetic fibers from Oculomotor n. (III) to the eye, constricting the pupil, accommodating the lens, and convergence of the eyes. Via Ciliary Ganglion
Superior salivatory nucleus
Carries parasympathetic facial n. (VII) fibers and located in the pontine tegmentum
Where do parasympathetic fibers from the Facial n. terminate?
- Pterygopalatine ganglion
- Nasal and lacrimal glands
- Submandibular ganglion
- Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands
Inferior salivatory nucleus
Carries parasympathetic fibers from Glossopharyngeal N. (IX). Located in the medulla
Where do parasympathetic fibers from the Glossopharyngeal n. terminate?
Otic ganglion
Parotid salivary gland
Location of Dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
medulla
Termination and function of parasympathetic fibers from the Vagus n.
- Wall of target tissue
Viscera from thorax to transverse colon
Location of postganglionic nerve cell
bodies
-Reduces heart rate, blood pressure
Increases gastric secretion, peristaltic
activity
Sacral Parasympathetic location
S 2 - 4 region of lateral horn
Termination and Function of Sacral parasympathetic fibers
Terminates in:
Wall of target tissue
Viscera from transverse colon to rectum
Includes bladder, uterus, etc.
Location of postganglionic nerve cell bodies
- Increases intestinal secretion, peristaltic activity
