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Geography - Population and the Environment > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

Where is the greatest levels of population increase seen in the world

A

Greatest increases seen in LICs

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of population distribution

A
  • Uniform
  • Random
  • Clumped
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3
Q

What is population distribution

A

The pattern of where people live

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4
Q

What is population density

A

The number of people living in an area, measured in people per km2

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5
Q

How is population density measured

A

People per km2

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6
Q

What are 5 factors affecting population distribution and population density

A
  • Climate
  • Soil
  • Resource distribution
  • Natural Hazards
  • Topography
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7
Q

How does climate affect population distribution and population density

A
  • Extremes of temps limit population growth
  • Too much or too little precipitation presents challenges E.g. growing crops
  • Desert and Polar environments often have low population densities
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8
Q

How does soil affect population distribution and population density

A
  • Presence of fertile soil is necessary to grow crops, infertile soil reduces plant growth
  • Permafrost can prevent access to soil
  • Food can be imported so this factor does not affect wealthier developed countries that do not rely on growth of plants
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9
Q

How does topography affect population distribution and population density

A
  • Shape of the land determines peoples ability to create settlements
  • Topography determines access to other places and resources
  • Mountainous areas often have sparse populations
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10
Q

How does resource distribution affect population distribution an population density

A
  • Access to food, water and energy resources are needed to sustain populations without resources populations would decrease
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11
Q

How does natural hazards affect population distribution and population density

A
  • Soils around volcanoes are extremely fertile and perfect for growing crops increasing population distribution around volcanic areas
  • Locations that regularly experience natural hazards can discourage people from settling in the area
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12
Q

What has happened over time to the worlds population

A

The world’s population has seen exponential growth over time.

Some parts of the world have seen population growth however others have seen a decline

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13
Q

Which type of countries see the lowest annual population growth rate

A

HICs

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14
Q

Which type of countries see the highest annual population growth rate

A

LICs

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15
Q

What is the demographic transition model

A

It demonstrates how the population of countries fluctuate over time, as birth rates, death rates, and natural increase change.

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16
Q

What happens in stage 1 of the demographic transition model

A
  • High BR due to lack of family planning healthcare and high infant mortality
  • High DR due to disease + lack of sanitation
    E.g. un-contacted remote groups, Amazon Tribes
17
Q

What happens in stage 2 of the demographic transition model

A
  • High Birth rates
  • Death rates fall due to increase in availability of healthcare + increased sanitation
  • Populations increase
    E.g. Angola
18
Q

What happens in stage 3 of the demographic transition model

A
  • Lower birth rates due to socio-economic conditions
  • Death rates continue to fall
    E.g. India
19
Q

What happens in stage 4 of the demographic transition model

A
  • Low birth rate and death rate
  • Population levels still high
    E.g. UK
20
Q

What happens in stage 5 of the demographic transition model

A
  • BR falls even more, due to higher aspirations
  • DR is stable or increases due to ageing population
    E.g. Japan
21
Q

What are the advantages of the demographic transition model

A
  • Provides insight into the way population changes over time
  • Simple to draw comparisons from
  • Easy to understand
22
Q

What are the disadvantages of the demographic transition model

A
  • Some countries have taken political decisions to manage population E.g. China
  • Knowledge about disease preventation has improved
  • Model assumes countries cannot go backwards with a declining population
  • Doesn’t take into account migration and emigration
  • Does not consider physical environment and impacts of climate change

Geography - Population and the Environment (7 decks)

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