Demographic Transition Model Flashcards
What is the demographic transition model
It demonstrates how the population of countries fluctuate over time, as birth rates, death rates, and natural increase change.
What happens in stage 1 of the demographic transition model
- High BR due to lack of family planning healthcare and high infant mortality
- High DR due to disease + lack of sanitation
E.g. un-contacted remote groups, Amazon Tribes
What is an example of a country in stage
Un-contacted remote groups/ Amazon tribes
What happens in stage 2 of the demographic transition model
- High Birth rates
- Death rates fall due to increase in availability of healthcare + increased sanitation
- Populations increase
E.g. Angola
What is an example of a country in stage 2
Angola
What happens in stage 3 of the demographic transition model
- Lower birth rates due to socio-economic conditions
- Death rates continue to fall
E.g. India
What is an example of a country in stage 3
India
What happens in stage 4 of the demographic transition model
- Low birth rate and death rate
- Population levels still high
E.g. UK
What is an example of a country in stage 4
UK
What happens in stage 5 of the demographic transition model
- BR falls even more, due to higher aspirations
- DR is stable or increases due to ageing population
E.g. Japan
What is an example of a country in stage 5
Japan
What are the advantages of the demographic transition model
- Provides insight into the way population changes over time
- Simple to draw comparisons from
- Easy to understand
What are the disadvantages of the demographic transition model
- Some countries have taken political decisions to manage population E.g. China
- Knowledge about disease preventation has improved
- Model assumes countries cannot go backwards with a declining population
- Doesn’t take into account migration and emigration
- Does not consider physical environment and impacts of climate change
