Introduction Flashcards
What is absorbed in the stomach
Water
Alcohol
What is absorbed in the upper small intestine?
Fat soluble vitamins (A,D,E,K)
What is absorbed in the Duodenum?
Iron, Calcium, Fats, Sugars, Water, Proteins, Magnesium Sodium
B1- Thiamine
B2- Riboflavin
Pantothenic Acid
What is absorbed in the jejunum?
Sugars, Proteins B1, B2 Niacin (nicotinic acid) Folic Acid B6 (pyridoxine, pyridoxamine, pyridoxal) Pantothenic Acid
What is absorbed in the ileum?
Bile Salts, Chloride Vit C (Ascorbic acid)
Where is Vit B12 absorbed?
Terminal Ileum
CCK
Stimulates the GB to eject bile and the pancreas bicarbonate; decreases gastric motility, constricts pyloric sphincter, and inhibits gastric secretion
Secretin
Stimulates pancreas to secrete bicarbonate and the liver to secrete bile; decreases GI motility; inhibits gastrin and gastric secretion
Enterokinase
Catalyzes the conversion of trypsinogen to trypsin and the release of pancreatic digestive enzymes
Osmotic Diarrhea
Nonabsorbable substance draws water into the lumen by osmosis
Causes large-volume diarrhea
Magnesium, sulfate, and phosphate salts are poorly absorbed
Lactase deficiency
Sugar substitutes
Secretory Diarrhea
Form of large-volume diarrhea caused by excess mucosal secretion of chloride
Primary causes= Inflammatory bacterial infections (Cholera, E. Coli, Salmonella), Noninflammatory (giardiasis, rotaviruses, and neoplasms)
Diabetic neuropathy
Motility Diarrhea
Caused by resection of the SB, surgical bypass, fistula formation between loops
(When you shorten the bowel, there is not enough area for it to be absorbed so it becomes a motility problem)
Chronic Diarrhea
Can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, metabolic acidosis, and weight loss
Acute diarrhea
Less than 2 weeks= can have S/S that include fever, cramping pain, bloody stools
