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Patho Exam 1 > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are natural sources that a drug can come from?

A

plants, animals, microorganisms

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2
Q

Drugs that promote health

A

anti-inflammatory

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3
Q

Drugs that cure disease

A

antibacterial

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4
Q

Drugs that control of slow progress of disease

A

cancer chemotherapy

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5
Q

Drugs that prevent disease

A

vaccines

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6
Q

Drugs that alter neurotransmission

A

antidepressants

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7
Q

Drugs that decrease the risk of complications

A

anticoagulants

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8
Q

Drugs that increase function and comfort

A

analgesics for pain

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9
Q

Drugs that provide replacement therapy

A

Insulin

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10
Q

Drugs that reduce excessive activity in the body

A

proton pump inhibitors

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11
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

drug-induced response of physiologic and biochemical system

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12
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Drug amounts at different sites after administration

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13
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

Choice and drug application for disease prevention, treatment, or diagnosis

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14
Q

Toxicology

A

Study of the body’s response to drugs, harmful effects, mechanisms of action, symptoms, treatments, identification

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15
Q

Pharmacy

A

Preparation, compounding, dispensing, and record-keeping of therapeutic drugs

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16
Q

Therapeutic

A

Desired - stimulating or inhibiting cell function, blocking biochemical actions in tissues

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17
Q

Classification

A

grouped by their primary pharmacologic action and effect

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18
Q

Indications

A

Approved uses or conditions for which the drug has been proved to be effective

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19
Q

Contraindications

A

Circumstances under which a drug should not be administer

20
Q

Side effects

A

a mild, undesirable effect of a drug, even at recommended dose

21
Q

Adverse or toxic effects

A

Drug effects that are dangerous, cause sever tissue damage

22
Q

Hypersensitivity

A

allergic reactions - mild or anaphylaxis

23
Q

Idiosyncratic reactions

A

unusual response to drug

24
Q

Iatrogenic

A

the negative effect associated with the administration of drug

25
Q

Teratogenic

A

the harmful effect on the fetus, developmental defects

26
Q

Interactions

A

drug effect modified by combination with another drug

27
Q

Synergism

A

the effect of drug combination may be greater than the sum of the effects of the individual drugs

28
Q

Antagonism

A

combination greatly decreases the effect of each drug

29
Q

Potentiation

A

one drug enhances the effect of a second drug

30
Q

Dose

A

amount of drug require to produce the desired effect in adult - weight, measure, time factor

31
Q

Child’s dose

A

best calculated by child’s weight

32
Q

Loading dose

A

A larger dose may be administered initially to raise blood levels to an effective level

33
Q

Frequency of dosing

A

important to maintain effective blood levels of the drug without reaching toxic levels

34
Q

Optimum dosing schedule

A

established for each drug based on absorption, transport of blood, half-life of the drug

35
Q

Timing

A

directions regarding - related to meals, daily events, sleep

36
Q

Factors affecting blood levels of drugs

A

regular intake, normal distribution, and excretion, irregular intervals, missing dosages, double dose, too frequently

37
Q

Factors influencing blood level of a drug

A

Liver and kidney function, circulation, age, weight, activity level, flood/fluid, genetic, health status

38
Q

Drugs can me administed

A

locally or having a systemic action

39
Q

Administration of Drug

A

enters the body by chosen route, is absorbed into the blood or acts at the local site, travels in the bloodstream, arrives at the site of action, exerts its effect, is metabolized into inactive compounds, excreted

40
Q

Oral medication

A

absorbed from stomach or intestines, transported to the liver, released into circulation

41
Q

Intramuscular injection

A

gradually absorbed into the blood, blood transports drug

42
Q

Drugs can

A

stimulate receptors directly or may block receptor site

43
Q

Specificity of drug depends on

A

mode of action

44
Q

Drugs that interact with several metabolic pathways or common functions will have

A

greater side effects

45
Q

Therapeutic effect must be balanced with

A

possible toxic effect

46
Q

Minimal effective dose

A

desired positive effects with minimal potential toxic effects

47
Q

Prescription includes

A

patient name, address, age, prescriber’s name, address, id number, date, name of drug and amount, dosage, route, and permission for additional quantities

Patho Exam 1 (6 decks)

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