Drug Adverse Effects and Interactions

Question 1

Carcinogenic effect

Answer 1

cause cancer

Question 2

Teratogenic effect

Answer 2

birth defects

Question 3

QT interval interference

Answer 3

cardiac

Question 4

Side effect

Answer 4

unavoidable secondary effect @ therapeutic doses

Question 5

Toxicity

Answer 5

ADR caused by excessive dosing

Question 6

Allergic reaction

Answer 6

an immune response, mild to severe

Question 7

Idiosyncratic effect

Answer 7

uncommon response - genetic predisposition

Question 8

Teratogenic effect

Answer 8

drug capable of causing birth defects

Question 9

Intensification of effects

Answer 9

increase power- sulbactam and ampicillin
decrease power - aspirin and warfarin

Question 10

Inhibitory

Answer 10

interactions that result in reduced drug effects

Question 11

Intensification of effects

Answer 11

increase therapeutic effect, increase adverse effect

Question 12

Reduction of effects

Answer 12

reduce therapeutic effects, reduce adverse effects

Question 13

Pharmacokinetic interactions

Answer 13

altered renal excretion and altered metabolism

Question 14

Combined toxicity

Answer 14

drugs with overlapping toxicities should not be used together

Question 15

Never combine drugs

Answer 15

in the same container without establishing compatibility

Question 16

Do not run IV medications

Answer 16

together without establishing compatibility

Question 17

Altered distribution

Answer 17

Competition for protein binding

Question 18

Drug interactions have the potential

Answer 18

to significantly affect the outcome of therapy
response may be increased or reduced

Question 19

The risk for serious drug interaction

Answer 19

is directly proportionate to the number of drugs a patient is taking

Question 20

Interactions are especially important for drugs with

Answer 20

low therapeutic index - more dangerous

Question 21

Minimizing adverse drug-drug interactions

Answer 21

thorough drug history, adjust the dose, adjust the timing, monitor, low therapeutic index high monitor

Question 22

The grapefruit juice effect

Answer 22

inhibits the metabolism of certain drugs
raises the drugs’ blood levels

Question 23

MAOIs and tyramine-containing foods

Answer 23

“cheese effect” - theophylline and caffeine, potassium-sparing diuretics and salt substitutes

Question 24

Drug action

Answer 24

warfarin and food rich in vitamin K

Question 25

Vitamin K

Answer 25

aids in clotting and diminishes the effectiveness of warfarin

Question 26

Antidote to warfarin

Answer 26

vitamin k

Question 27

Herbal preparations

Answer 27

can interact with conventional drugs

Question 28

St. John’s Wort

Answer 28

induces drug-metabolizing enzymes and reduces the blood levels of many drugs

Question 29

Allergic reactions - If no previous exposure

Answer 29

reactions generally occur several days into treatment

Question 30

Allergic reaction prepare

Answer 30

patient teaching, prevention, emergency management, epinephrine (epi-pen)