Introduction

Question 1

Describe the Frederik Griffith experiment

Answer 1

This is the one with the mice, the rough strain (nonvirulent), the smooth strain (virulent), the dead smooth strain (virulent), and dead smooth strain mixed with rough strain (virulent).

Showed that DNA is the material of heredity

Question 2

Describe the Hershey-Chase experiment

Answer 2

Protein capsule of bacteriophage labelled red, DNA labeled green. Saw green inside infected cells with red outside.

Proved DNA was material of heritability

Question 3

DNA components

Answer 3

ribose sugar (with no -OH on 2’ C), phosphate group, nucleotides

Question 4

One

Answer 4

replication

Question 5

Two

Answer 5

transcription

Question 6

Three

Answer 6

reverse transcription

Question 7

Four

Answer 7

RNA processing, tRNA, rRNA, etc

Question 8

Five

Answer 8

Translation

Question 9

Six

Answer 9

protein modification, prions, etc

Question 10

allele

Answer 10

variant form of a gene

Question 11

Forward genetics

Answer 11

discover the genotype from a known phenotype

Question 12

Reverse genetics

Answer 12

discover the phenotype from a known genotype

Question 13

forward genetics example

Answer 13

Induce mutations in car population via signature-tagged mutagenesis and see which one can’t move. The mutated wheel gene must be responsible for movement

Question 14

reverse genetics example

Answer 14

pick a gene at random OR infer function based on similarity to other genes THEN mutate and see the resulting phenotype. If you knock out wheel gene then car doesn’t move

Question 15

screen

Answer 15

look at entire population for specific members

Question 16

selection

Answer 16

only get the specific members you want from an entire population

Question 17

gene nomenclature

Answer 17

lacZ

Question 18

allele nomenclature

Answer 18

lacZ+

Question 19

phenotype nomenclature

Answer 19

Lac-