Introduction Flashcards
CNS
brain
spinal cord
PNS
somatic = skin, joints, muscles (voluntary) autonomic = organs, blood vessels, glands (involuntary)
axis in 4 legged animals
rostral = anterior caudal = posterior medial = close to midline lateral = far from midline
axis in humans
see diagram anterior - front posterior - back superior - top inferior - bottom
cuts of brain
sagittal - down midline
coronal - perpendicular to midline
horizontal - top/bottom
cuts of spinal cord
transverse - across
longitudinal - down middle
key areas of brain (4)
forebrain - cerebral hemispheres (cerebral cortex and basal nuclei), thalamus and hypothalamus
midbrain - controlled basic movement before forebrain took over
hindbrain - pons (respiratory centres), cerebellum (coord of movement and balance), medulla (cardiovascular centers)
brainstem - functional unit
ventricular system and lateral ventricles
cavities form from neural tube in embryo
lateral ventricles
3rd ventricle surrounded by hypothalamus
cerebral aqueduct leads to 4th ventricle, opens around pons and medulla, goes into central canal
cavity filled with cerebrospinal fluid, provides physical protection
maintains appropriate ion levels
removes waste
sections of spinal cord
cervical - for arms
thoracic - autonomic control
lumbar - lower limbs
sacral
cervical and lumbar are enlarged as they contain motor neurons
tissues of brain
grey matter = cell bodies of neurons and glia
white matter = neuronal axons wrapped in myelin
spinal cord functional division (5)
dorsal, afferent etc
dorsal - processes sensory info
afferent - sensory neuron, from periphery to CNS - comes in dorsally
ventral - motor info sent out
efferent - motor neuron, from CNS to periphery - leave ventrally
ganglion - cluster of neuronal cell bodies in peripheral, nuclei lie in CNS
