Introduction Flashcards
1
Q
What are Arthropod-borne viruses?
A
- “Arboviruses”
- Maintained in nature principally, or to important extent, through biological transmission between susceptible vertebrate hosts by hematophagous arthropods
2
Q
What are the Mosquitoes-borne viruses of significant public health importance?
A
- West Nile
- Chikungunya
- Zika
- Dengue Fever
- Yellow Fever
- Japanese Encephalitis
3
Q
What factors are associated with Vector-Borne Disease Transmission?
A
- International Travel
- Breakdown of Public Health Measures
- discontinuation of Mosquito Control Efforts
- International Commerce
- Microbial Adaptation (Viral Evolution)
- Human Demographics
- human behavior
- Economic Development
- Land use
4
Q
What is West Nile Virus?
A
- First isolated in 1937 in Uganda
- Family: Flaviviridae
5
Q
What are the viruses in the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex?
A
- Japanese encephalitis
- Kunjin
- Murray Valley encephalitis
- St. Louis encephalitis
- Stratford
- Kokobera
- Alfuy
- Usutu
6
Q
What is the West Nile virus Transmission Cycle?
A
- Primarily transmitted between Culex species mosquitoes and birds
- 330 sp of birds species
- 65 sp of mosquitos species
- 36 animal species
- Humans - Dead End host
- Horses - Dead End Host
7
Q
What are the Clinical Manifestations of West Nile Virus in Humans?
A
- Febrile, Influenza-like illness with abrupt onset
- Moderate to high fever
- headache, sore throat, backache
- myalgia, fatigue, rash
- lymphadenopathy
8
Q
What is the prevelance of West Nile Virus?
A
- ~1.5 million cases
- 82% are asymptomatic
- Of the 18% that show symptoms
- West Nile Fever 52.8%
- Meningitis / Encephalitis 43%
- Fatal 4.2%
9
Q
What are the Transmission cycles of Chikungunya virus?
A
- African Sylvatic cycle:
- Monkey ⇢ Mosquito ⇢ Monkey…….
- Urban Cycle
- Monkey ⇢ Mosquito ⇢ Humans …..
