Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology Exam 1 > Introduction > Flashcards

Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Cells

A

functional unit of living organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Differentiate

A

to perform special functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Organs

A

anatomically discreet collections of tissues perform certain functions (eg. liver and kidney)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

parenchyma

A

functional elements that cells make up of an organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

stroma

A

structural framework of an organ, background tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

systems

A

organizations of tissues & organs, may be discreet entities or diffuse aggregates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are 5 basic tissue types

A
  1. blood
  2. connective tissue
  3. epithelium
  4. muscle
  5. nervous tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

blood

A

fluid tissue, contained within vessels of circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

connective tissue

A

surrounds and supports other tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

epithelium

A

covers body surfaces, lines cavities & form glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

muscle

A

contains specialized contractile cells responsible for movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nervous tissue

A

contain modified cells responsible for intercellular communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

In tissue preparation, how do you prevent unfixed tissues from autolyze/ denature ?

A

use formalin, which cause cross-linking of proteins to preserve the tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

tissue preparation steps

A
  1. Cassettes
  2. dehydrate- via alcohol baths and clear w/ xylene
  3. embed in liquid paraffin or plastic resin
    tissue in paraffin will melt, harden in “boat”, transfered to block
  4. Microtome or grind if plastic sections
  5. Mount on slides
  6. Remove paraffin
  7. rehydrate with alcohol and xylene
  8. Stain
  9. coverslip
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

liquid paraffin

A

most common forms that allow tissue to harden, tissue is supported by wax block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

plastic resin

A

provide great images but COSTLY and difficult to statin

ex. methyl methacrylate, MMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what kind of stain is most common?

A

H&E ( hematoxylin & Eosin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hematoxylin

A

blue/ purple, basic dye, stains acids (nuceli), basophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Eosin

A

red/pink, acidic dye, stains bases (proteins), eosinophilic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What color does eosinophilic turn?

A

red/pink under eosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What color does basophilic turn?

A

blue/ purple under hematoxylin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

where can tissue cassettes be located?

A

automated tissue processor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Under the embedding station, the tissue in paraffin wil melt… where does the parafinn harden?

A

“boat”— paraffin hardens are mounted on the block

24
Q

what is microtoming

A

process where paraffin is used to get small slices of the tissue

25
Q

parafinn ribbon

A

warm water baths allow paraffin to relax and spread out

26
Q

Tissue prepatation using parafinn

A
  1. Cassettes
  2. Automated tissue processor
  3. Embedding station
  4. Paraffin “boat”
  5. Paraffin block
  6. Microtoming paraffin block
  7. Paraffin ribbon
  8. Floating paraffin ribbon
  9. Coverslip
27
Q

Cell membrane

A

semi-permeable membrane, forms phospholipid bilayer

28
Q

plasmalemma

A

animal cell membrane

29
Q

what are the 2 distinct layers of cell membrane?

A

hydrophilic and hydrophobic

30
Q

hydrophilic

A

contains positively charged N groups and negatively phosphate groups

31
Q

hydrophobic

A

portion contains two long-chain FA’s, covalently linked to glycerol

32
Q

how does the cell membrane appear on the electron microscopy?

A

tri-laminar appearance: 2 electron dense hydrophilic layers, separated by electron-lucent layer

33
Q

electron lucent layer

A

hydrophobic, FA tails

34
Q

fluid mosaic model

A

the fluidity of membrane increase w/ temp and decrease w/ saturation of FA

35
Q

cholesterol

A

helps with fluidity regulation and membrane stabilization

increase cholesterol= decrease fluidity

36
Q

extrinsic= peripheral proteins

A

present on surface of membrane

37
Q

intrinsic= integral proteins

A

within membrane

38
Q

transmural proteins

A

transmembrane proteins, extend from one side of membrane to other, contains pores/ channels

39
Q

pumps

A

serve to transport ions across memnbrane

40
Q

channels

A

open/ close, allow passage of water- soluble molecules via diffusion

41
Q

receptor proteins

A

allow for cell recognition and binding on cell membrane

42
Q

transducers

A

initiate enzymatic rxn’s following binding with ligand molecules

43
Q

enzymes

A

components of ion pumps and digestive action

44
Q

structural proteins

A

add mechanical stability to the membrane

45
Q

glycocalyx structure and function

A
  • short polysaccharide chains containing glucose molecules
  • form glycoproteins + glycolipids = glycocalyx
  • role: protects the surface of cell membrane, cell recognition, mediating exchange between internal and external cell enviornment
46
Q

4 principal types of transport

A
  1. simple (passive) diffusion
  2. facilitated diffusion
  3. active transport
  4. active transport
  5. bulk (vesicular) transport
47
Q

under facilitated diffusion, what ungated channels are always open

A

pores

48
Q

under facilitated diffusion, what gated channels can be open or closed

A

gated channels

49
Q

what does the voltage gating require?

A

change in membrane potential to open

50
Q

what does chemical gating requires?

A

binding of signaling molecules or neurotransmitter

51
Q

how are both passive and facilitated diffusion enhanced by?

A

increase surface area of cell membrane via folding (eg. microvilli)

52
Q

aquaporins

A

important type of channel that uses facilitated diffusion, allows water to cross membrane by simple diffusion

53
Q

where does active transport occur?

A

specialized dynamic pore sites

54
Q

bulk (vesicular) transport

A

requires energy, engulfment of molecules or particles by cytoplasmic extensions

55
Q

what is the result of bulk transport?

A

formation fo membrane- bound , endocytic vacuoles (endosomes or phagosomes)

56
Q

receptor-mediated endocytosis

A

extracellular molecules (ligand) bind to receptor proteins or clathrins, located in coated pits of cell membrane

57
Q

transcytosis

A

transport of material across or through cell via sequential endocytosis followed by exocytosis

Histology Exam 1 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions