Introduction Flashcards
Integumentary System
Skin, hair, and nails
Protects the body, produces vit. D, and has cutaneous receptors, sweat glands, and oil glands
Skeletal System
Bones
Provides structure, protects organs, creates blood cells, and stores minerals
Muscular system
Muscles
movement and heat
Nervous system
Brain, spinal chord, and nerves
Fast acting control center. Responds to stimuli by activating the appropriate muscles and hormones
Endocrine System
Thyroid, Thymus, Adrenal gland, pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovary, testes
secrete hormones to regulate processes
Cardiovascular
heart, blood vessels
heart pumps blood through vessels to distribute oxygen and nutrients throughout the body
Lymphatic/Immune System
thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, red bone marrow
returns leaked fluid to blood; disposes of debris in lymph system; houses white blood cells for immune responses
respiratory
lungs
oxygenates blood and eliminates carbon dioxide
Digestive system
stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine, rectum
breaks down food into absorbable units which enter blood. Disposes of the rest
Urinary System
Bladder, Kidneys
eliminate nitrogenous waste from the body; regulates water volume, electrolytes, ph balance
Reproductive system
ovary, testes, mammary gland
production of offspring; testes make sperm and male sex hormone. Ovaries make eggs and female sex hormone. mammary glands produce milk
Anatomic position
Erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs in the most lateral position
planes of section
sagittal, frontal, transverse, (oblique)
Dorsal body cavities
Cranial (brain)
vertebral (spinal chord)
ventral body cavities
thoracic:
- pleural (lungs)
- pericardial (heart)
- mediastinum
abdominal (liver, intestines, stomach)
pelvic (uterus, bladder)
axial
mid part of body (not the limbs)
-head, neck, torso
appendicular
“appendages” of body
serous membranes
visceral = touching the organs parietal = touching the cavity walls
Abdominopelvic quadrants and organs
RUQ : liver and gallbladder, a kidney, pancreas
LUQ: most of stomach, a kidney, pancreas, spleen
RLQ: appendix and part of bladder
LLQ: part of bladder
Abdominopelvic regions and organs
Right hypochondriac: liver, gallbladder, some kidney
Epigastric: stomach, some liver, some pancreas
Left hypochondriac: spleen, some stomach+ pancreas
Right lumbar: ascending colon + some kidney
Umbilical: small intestines
Left lumbar: descending colon + some kidney
Right Iliac: appendix
Hypogastric: bladder and reproductive organs
Left Iliac: part of sigmoid colon
Anatomy vs Physiology
structure vs function
Seeing/feeling vs understanding
subdivisions of anatomy
Gross/ macroscopic
-regional, system, and surface
Microscopic
-cytology and histology
Developmental
-embryology
subdivisions of physiology
organ systems
abilities that’re made possible by chem reactions
need to know basic physical and chem principles
principle of complementarity
function reflects structure and vice versa
necessary life functions
maintaining boundaries movement responsiveness digeston metabolism excretion reproduction growth
homeostasis
maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions regardless of the environment
-dynamic state of equilibrium
maintained by all organ systems
parts of feedback system
receptors = data collectors –> monitor environment and respond to stimuli
control center = data analysis –> determines set point, receives info from receptors, determines appropriate response
effector = response to data analysis –> receives output from control center and provides means for response
disorder
genetic term for “something is wrong). Vague, like skin disorder
disease
specific, named compilation of signs and symptoms
sign
objective, measurable evidence of homeostatic imballance
symptoms
subjective immeasurable complaints (fatigue, pain, etc…)
peritoneum cavity
abdominal cavity
