Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin, hair, and nails

Protects the body, produces vit. D, and has cutaneous receptors, sweat glands, and oil glands

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2
Q

Skeletal System

A

Bones

Provides structure, protects organs, creates blood cells, and stores minerals

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3
Q

Muscular system

A

Muscles

movement and heat

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4
Q

Nervous system

A

Brain, spinal chord, and nerves

Fast acting control center. Responds to stimuli by activating the appropriate muscles and hormones

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5
Q

Endocrine System

A

Thyroid, Thymus, Adrenal gland, pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovary, testes

secrete hormones to regulate processes

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6
Q

Cardiovascular

A

heart, blood vessels

heart pumps blood through vessels to distribute oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

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7
Q

Lymphatic/Immune System

A

thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, red bone marrow

returns leaked fluid to blood; disposes of debris in lymph system; houses white blood cells for immune responses

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8
Q

respiratory

A

lungs

oxygenates blood and eliminates carbon dioxide

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9
Q

Digestive system

A

stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

breaks down food into absorbable units which enter blood. Disposes of the rest

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10
Q

Urinary System

A

Bladder, Kidneys

eliminate nitrogenous waste from the body; regulates water volume, electrolytes, ph balance

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11
Q

Reproductive system

A

ovary, testes, mammary gland

production of offspring; testes make sperm and male sex hormone. Ovaries make eggs and female sex hormone. mammary glands produce milk

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12
Q

Anatomic position

A

Erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs in the most lateral position

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13
Q

planes of section

A

sagittal, frontal, transverse, (oblique)

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14
Q

Dorsal body cavities

A

Cranial (brain)

vertebral (spinal chord)

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15
Q

ventral body cavities

A

thoracic:
- pleural (lungs)
- pericardial (heart)
- mediastinum

abdominal (liver, intestines, stomach)

pelvic (uterus, bladder)

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16
Q

axial

A

mid part of body (not the limbs)

-head, neck, torso

17
Q

appendicular

A

“appendages” of body

18
Q

serous membranes

A
visceral = touching the organs
parietal = touching the cavity walls
19
Q

Abdominopelvic quadrants and organs

A

RUQ : liver and gallbladder, a kidney, pancreas
LUQ: most of stomach, a kidney, pancreas, spleen
RLQ: appendix and part of bladder
LLQ: part of bladder

20
Q

Abdominopelvic regions and organs

A

Right hypochondriac: liver, gallbladder, some kidney
Epigastric: stomach, some liver, some pancreas
Left hypochondriac: spleen, some stomach+ pancreas
Right lumbar: ascending colon + some kidney
Umbilical: small intestines
Left lumbar: descending colon + some kidney
Right Iliac: appendix
Hypogastric: bladder and reproductive organs
Left Iliac: part of sigmoid colon

21
Q

Anatomy vs Physiology

A

structure vs function

Seeing/feeling vs understanding

22
Q

subdivisions of anatomy

A

Gross/ macroscopic
-regional, system, and surface

Microscopic
-cytology and histology

Developmental
-embryology

23
Q

subdivisions of physiology

A

organ systems
abilities that’re made possible by chem reactions
need to know basic physical and chem principles

24
Q

principle of complementarity

A

function reflects structure and vice versa

25
necessary life functions
``` maintaining boundaries movement responsiveness digeston metabolism excretion reproduction growth ```
26
homeostasis
maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions regardless of the environment -dynamic state of equilibrium maintained by all organ systems
27
parts of feedback system
receptors = data collectors --> monitor environment and respond to stimuli control center = data analysis --> determines set point, receives info from receptors, determines appropriate response effector = response to data analysis --> receives output from control center and provides means for response
28
disorder
genetic term for "something is wrong). Vague, like skin disorder
29
disease
specific, named compilation of signs and symptoms
30
sign
objective, measurable evidence of homeostatic imballance
31
symptoms
subjective immeasurable complaints (fatigue, pain, etc...)
32
peritoneum cavity
abdominal cavity