Introduction

Question 1

Integumentary System

Answer 1

Skin, hair, and nails

Protects the body, produces vit. D, and has cutaneous receptors, sweat glands, and oil glands

Question 2

Skeletal System

Answer 2

Bones

Provides structure, protects organs, creates blood cells, and stores minerals

Question 3

Muscular system

Answer 3

Muscles

movement and heat

Question 4

Nervous system

Answer 4

Brain, spinal chord, and nerves

Fast acting control center. Responds to stimuli by activating the appropriate muscles and hormones

Question 5

Endocrine System

Answer 5

Thyroid, Thymus, Adrenal gland, pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovary, testes

secrete hormones to regulate processes

Question 6

Cardiovascular

Answer 6

heart, blood vessels

heart pumps blood through vessels to distribute oxygen and nutrients throughout the body

Question 7

Lymphatic/Immune System

Answer 7

thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, red bone marrow

returns leaked fluid to blood; disposes of debris in lymph system; houses white blood cells for immune responses

Question 8

respiratory

Answer 8

lungs

oxygenates blood and eliminates carbon dioxide

Question 9

Digestive system

Answer 9

stomach, liver, small intestine, large intestine, rectum

breaks down food into absorbable units which enter blood. Disposes of the rest

Question 10

Urinary System

Answer 10

Bladder, Kidneys

eliminate nitrogenous waste from the body; regulates water volume, electrolytes, ph balance

Question 11

Reproductive system

Answer 11

ovary, testes, mammary gland

production of offspring; testes make sperm and male sex hormone. Ovaries make eggs and female sex hormone. mammary glands produce milk

Question 12

Anatomic position

Answer 12

Erect, feet slightly apart, palms facing forward, thumbs in the most lateral position

Question 13

planes of section

Answer 13

sagittal, frontal, transverse, (oblique)

Question 14

Dorsal body cavities

Answer 14

Cranial (brain)

vertebral (spinal chord)

Question 15

ventral body cavities

Answer 15

thoracic:
- pleural (lungs)
- pericardial (heart)
- mediastinum

abdominal (liver, intestines, stomach)

pelvic (uterus, bladder)

Question 16

axial

Answer 16

mid part of body (not the limbs)

-head, neck, torso

Question 17

appendicular

Answer 17

“appendages” of body

Question 18

serous membranes

Answer 18

visceral = touching the organs
parietal = touching the cavity walls

Question 19

Abdominopelvic quadrants and organs

Answer 19

RUQ : liver and gallbladder, a kidney, pancreas
LUQ: most of stomach, a kidney, pancreas, spleen
RLQ: appendix and part of bladder
LLQ: part of bladder

Question 20

Abdominopelvic regions and organs

Answer 20

Right hypochondriac: liver, gallbladder, some kidney
Epigastric: stomach, some liver, some pancreas
Left hypochondriac: spleen, some stomach+ pancreas
Right lumbar: ascending colon + some kidney
Umbilical: small intestines
Left lumbar: descending colon + some kidney
Right Iliac: appendix
Hypogastric: bladder and reproductive organs
Left Iliac: part of sigmoid colon

Question 21

Anatomy vs Physiology

Answer 21

structure vs function

Seeing/feeling vs understanding

Question 22

subdivisions of anatomy

Answer 22

Gross/ macroscopic
-regional, system, and surface

Microscopic
-cytology and histology

Developmental
-embryology

Question 23

subdivisions of physiology

Answer 23

organ systems
abilities that’re made possible by chem reactions
need to know basic physical and chem principles

Question 24

principle of complementarity

Answer 24

function reflects structure and vice versa

Question 25

necessary life functions

Answer 25

maintaining boundaries
movement
responsiveness
digeston
metabolism
excretion
reproduction
growth

Question 26

homeostasis

Answer 26

maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions regardless of the environment

-dynamic state of equilibrium
maintained by all organ systems

Question 27

parts of feedback system

Answer 27

receptors = data collectors –> monitor environment and respond to stimuli

control center = data analysis –> determines set point, receives info from receptors, determines appropriate response

effector = response to data analysis –> receives output from control center and provides means for response

Question 28

disorder

Answer 28

genetic term for “something is wrong). Vague, like skin disorder

Question 29

disease

Answer 29

specific, named compilation of signs and symptoms

Question 30

sign

Answer 30

objective, measurable evidence of homeostatic imballance

Question 31

symptoms

Answer 31

subjective immeasurable complaints (fatigue, pain, etc…)

Question 32

peritoneum cavity

Answer 32

abdominal cavity