Introcuction To Isak - International Society Of The Advancement Of Kinanthropometry Flashcards
State what it is meant by the key term - anthropometry
Involves the systematic measurement of the physical properties of the human body, primarily dimensional descriptors of body size and shape
State what it is meant by the key term - kinanthropometry
The study of human size, shape, proportion, composition, maturation and growth function, in order to understand growth, exercise, performance and nutrition
State 5 uses of anthropometry
- Ergonomics
- Health applications
- Talent identification
- Growth perspective
- Basal body measurements
State the 6 common methods of body composition measurements in sport
- Skin fold assessment
- Bioelectrical impedance analysis
- Underwater weighing
- Air displacement plethysmography
- Duel energy x-ray absorptiometry
- Ultrasound
State the cost, technical skill, accuracy, reliability, subject comfort, regional assessment and time required for: skin fold assessment
- Low
- Medium
- Medium
- High
- Body touched by practitioner
- Yes
- < 10 mins
State the cost, technical skill, accuracy, reliability, subject comfort, regional assessment and time required for: bioelectrical impedance analysis
- Moderate
- Low
- Low
- Low
- Non-invasive
- Yes, but invalid
- < 5 mins
State the cost, technical skill, accuracy, reliability, subject comfort, regional assessment and time required for: underwater weighing
- High
- High
- Medium
- High
- Full water submission
- No
- 10-20 mins
State the cost, technical skill, accuracy, reliability, subject comfort, regional assessment and time required for: air displacement plethysmography
- High
- High
- Medium
- High
- May involve sitting in small places
- No
- < 10 mins
State the cost, technical skill, accuracy, reliability, subject comfort, regional assessment and time required for: dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
- High
- High
- Medium
- High
- Non-invasive
- Yes
- < 10 min
State the cost, technical skill, accuracy, reliability, subject comfort, regional assessment and time required for: ultrasound
- Very high
- High
- High
- Medium
- Body touched with devise
- Yes
- < 10 min
State the common causes of error for: skin fold assessment
- Formula used
- inconsistent site locations
- Population-specific predicted equation
State the common causes of error for: bioelectrical impedance analysis
- Hydration status
- Body temperature
- Recent exercise
- Food intake
State the common causes of error for: underwater weighing
- Fat free mass fluctuations
2. Air in lungs
State the common causes of error for: air displacement plethysmography
- Moisture on the skin
- Hydration status
- Inconsistent clothing
- Breathing patterns
State the common causes of error for: dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
- Muscle glycogen stores
- Inconsistent clothing
- Changes in technology and software
State the common causes of error for: ultrasound
- Inconsistent site locations
- Technician inexperience
- Inconsistent interpretation
State the two step procedure of how skin fold assessment works
- Tester pinches skin with thumb and forefinger, pulling skin away from the body slightly, and places a set of callipers on the skin fold
- Measured skin fold thickness is entered into an equation to estimate their body fat percentage
State 4 pros of using skin fold assessment
- Inexpensive
- Fast procedure
- Safe and portable
- No advanced technology required
- Regional body composition assessment
- High reliability if the tester is consistent over time
State 4 cons of using skin fold assessment
- Validity (accuracy) is poor and population specific
- Tester expertise is required
- Some callipers too small to use on larger subjects
- Measures only subcutaneous fat
- Prediction equations may only be valid in populations in which they derived from
- Comfort: may feel uncomfortable stripping to bare skin in front of tester
In July 1996, ISAK developed both:
- International standards for anthropometric assessment
2. International anthropometry accreditation scheme (IASS)
The IASS is based on this 4 level hierarchy:
- Level 1 - technician, restricted profile
- Level 2 - technician, full profile
- Level 3 - instructor
- Level 4 - criterion
Basic anatomy (3 points):
- Essential for accurate identification of bony landmarks used to locate measurement sites
- Anatomical landmarks are bony sites, palpated and where can be marked
- Standardised position = anatomical position
4 steps in land marking;
- Palpate the bone required
- Locate with the left thumb
- Mark the landmark with a pen
- Re-identify the landmark and check
Errors (4) in skin fold measurement:
- Difficult in landmark identity in obese populations
- Technical restrictions of calliper jaw width
- Greater variation in skin fold compressibility
- Inter-observer error of measurement higher in obese populations
State 4 ways to reduce error in composition assessments:
- Chose other methods in obese populations
- Timing of tests
- Clothing
- Pre test training/eating/drinking
- Calibration of equipment
- Use of callipers and time to take measurements standardised
