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Peads > intro week-peads radiology > Flashcards

intro week-peads radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Why would you use a CT

A
  • Staging cancers

- Trauma

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2
Q

Why would you use fluoroscopy?

A

FUNCTIONAL REASONS

  • bowel movements
  • genital urinary system (vesicoureteral reflux)
  • aspiration/ swallowing (video fluoroscopy)
  • used in theatre to place lines/assess placement of lines (nephrostomy, feeding catheters etc)
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3
Q

why are ultrasound great for children

A
  • no ionising radiation (often the first point of call)

- easy to follow up

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4
Q

Isotope is injected into the body, radiation emitted observed with Gamma camera

A

nuclear medicine

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5
Q

Why wouldn’t patients be able to have CTPA

A

cant have iodinated contract (kidney failure/allergy)

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6
Q

alternative test for patients who cant have CTPA?

A

VQ-nuclear scan

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7
Q

How would a child with volvulus present

A
  • Young child

- Green bilious vomiting

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8
Q

investigation and sign on scan of volvulus?

A

Upper GI study (corkscrew seen on X-ray)

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9
Q

treatment for volvulus

A

surgical emergency-risk of infarction

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10
Q

appropriate investigation for suspected obstruction and findings?

A
  • Abdominal x ray (double bubble sign)

- Contrast enema to determine point of obstruction

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11
Q

investigation for Intussusception? And what would you see?

A

US- mass with donut appearance and pseudo-kidney appearance

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12
Q

treatment for Intussusception?

A

air enema reduction

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13
Q

investigation for appendicitis and signs

A
  • X ray or US in children (CT in adults)
  • bi-linear non compressible
  • > 6mm think is abnormal
  • increased vascularity
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14
Q

Investigation of ovarian cysts and what do they look like?

A

Ultrasound-black

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15
Q

on CSR what does lack of right heart boarder indicate?

A

right middle lobe consolidation (best seen on lateral CT)

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16
Q

on CSR what does lack of left heart boarder indicate?

A

left upper lobe consolidation

17
Q

What CXR appearence looks similar to lung cancer in children?

A

round pneumonia

18
Q

investigation for oesophageal Achalasia

A

barium swallow-will see pooling

19
Q

Who is at risk of aspiration pneumonia

A

Myotonic dystrophy/ ptns with siezures

20
Q

CXR signs of foreign body aspiration

A
  • Hyperinflation (obstructive nature-air can get in but not out)
  • Asymmetric lung inflations
21
Q

Investigation for aspiration

A

CXR (can also do fluroscopy)

22
Q

complications of asthma that can be seen on CXR?

A
  • Pneumomediastinum (air in the mediastinum)
    • Lobe collapse due to mucous plugging
    • Hyper-inflation
    • Infection
    • Bronchial wall thickening
    • Pneumothorax
23
Q

CXR signs of cystic fibrosis

A
  • Bronchial thickening
    • Upper bronchiectasis
      • Infection
      • central lines
24
Q

signs of a mediastinal tumour in children on CXR

A
  • rib splaying

- tracheal deviation

25
Q

what is vesicoureteral reflux?

A

back flow of urine from bladder to kidney, associated with pyelonephritis and scarring

26
Q

vesicoureteral reflux investigations?

A

○ fluoroscopic cystogram
○ DMSA scan: photopenia shows scarring
○ US look for scarring

27
Q

Posterior urethral obstruction investigations

A
  • cystogram (dilated posterior urethra and normal anterior urethra)
  • US- hydronephrosis (dilated pelvis) and key hole appearance of bladder
28
Q

presentation of PUJ (pelvic ureter junction) obstruction?

A
  • UTI
  • Abdominal pain
  • Vomiting
29
Q

what would you see on the ultrasound of PUJ obstruction

A

US-dilated renal pelvis, but not ureter

30
Q

types of metaphyseal fracture and what do they suggest?

A

the suggest a twisting mechanism (abusive)

      - bucket handle (cresent) 
      - corner (triangular)
31
Q

Symptoms of renal caniculi

A
  • Pain
  • Heamaturia
  • Infection
32
Q

2 possible causes of hip effusion seen on US?

A
  • Transient synovitis (after viral infection)

- Infection (septic arthritis)

Peads (29 decks)

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