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Peads > Intro week-normal child > Flashcards

Intro week-normal child Flashcards

1
Q

Average birth weight

A 
Approximately 7 pounds/3.3kg 
		○ Double at 5 months 
		○ Triple at 1 year
		○ Gains 30g/d from day 10 - 3 months
1-10 years expected weight in kg =2x(age+4)
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2
Q

Average head circumference of newborn

A

35-36cm

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3
Q

When do children get their fist teeth

A

6 months

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4
Q

Average birth height

A

50cm

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5
Q

Average height at 1 year

A

75 cm

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6
Q

Average height at 4 years

A

1 m

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7
Q

Symptoms of pylori stenosis in children

A
  • Loss of weight

* Projectile vomit (MILKY-not bilious)

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8
Q

Classic sign of pyloric stenosis in children

A

olive shaped mass right hypochondrium with visible peristalsis

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9
Q

how many calories should an infant get (0-1 years) ?

A

110 kcal/kg/d

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10
Q

how many calories should a child (1+ years) get ?

A

1+ years 1000 +(100xage) kcal/d

• 150mls/kg/day after first week until weening 
• Approximately 30ml per Oz 
• E.g. 5kg, =750ml/day, which is 25Oz  Wean from 6 months: iron containing foods at 6 months; avoid egg and wheat until 6 months; puree to 7 months; doorstep milk and normal food at 12 months; full fat milk to 5 years
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11
Q

How big should feeds be?

A

Feeds : 150mls/kg/d after first week until weaning

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12
Q

how many calories in one 150ml feed?

A

110kcal

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13
Q

How many ml in one Oz

A

30ml=1 Oz

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14
Q

How much milk should a 5kg infant get?

A

The baby should get 110 kcal/kg/d which is the same as 150ml/kg/d…..150mlx5=750ml/day (25 Oz)

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15
Q

At what age can you ween a baby from

A

6 months

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16
Q

What maintenance fluids should adults receive?

A

1L bag every 8hr

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17
Q

What maintenance fluids should children receive? For example a 28kg child?

A
  • 1st 10 kg 100ml/kg/day
    • 2nd 10kg 50 ml/kg/day
    • 3rd and subsequent kg=20mls/kg/day

E.g. 28 kg child will require
(10x100) (10x50) + (8x20)/24=69mls/hr

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18
Q

OVERWEIGHT BMI for adults vs children

A

adults is BMI of 25-29.9

Children is >91st centile

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19
Q

OBESE T BMI for adults vs children

A

adults is BMI of 30-34.9

Children is >98th centile

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20
Q

What age do children raise head 45 degrees (partial control)

A

6-8 weeks

21
Q

what age do children sit unsupported and state red flag age

A

6-8 months. RED FLAG is 9 months without sitting unsupported

22
Q

what age do children start to crawl

A

8-9 months

23
Q

what age do children cruise

A

10 months

24
Q

what age do children start to walk unsteadily

A

12 months

25
Q

what age do children start to walk steadily

A

15 months

26
Q

what age should children be able to run

A

18 months

27
Q

red flag age for not being able to walk unsupported

A

18 months-unless bumshuffler then 2 years

28
Q

what age should children be able to jump/ hop

A

2 years should be able to jump

3 years should be able to hop

29
Q

what age should children be able to go on climbing frame and skip?

A

4 years: climbing frames

5 years: skips

30
Q

Differentials for not walking at 18 months

A
  1. Cerebral palsy
  2. Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (Gowers sign)
  3. Hip dysplasia (although should have been picked up)
  4. Proximal muscle weakness (Get them to lie down and stand up-if they role over they have PMW-should do creatinine kinase
31
Q

when should babies loose their primitive reflexes

A

Persisting primitive reflexes -shouldn’t continue after 6 months (patients with dyspraxia may have persisting)

32
Q

reasons for uneven moro reflex

A

brachial plexus injury/ cerebral palsy

33
Q

what is tested for in the 1 week old Gutherie heel prick test?

A 
PKU 
hypothyroidism
CF
haemoglobinopathies (sickle cell )
acylcarnitine
• 8 weeks: general examination
• 4-5years: orthoptist
• School entry: height and weight; hearing
Primary and secondary school: none
34
Q

what is involved in the birth neonatal exam?

A

examination of eyes, heart, hips; automated hearing screen

35
Q

when do babies have another general examination

A

around 8 weeks

• 4-5years: orthoptist
• School entry: height and weight; hearing
Primary and secondary school: none

36
Q

When should children visit orthoptist for screening

A

age 4-5

37
Q

at what age is soiling abnormal

A

4 years

38
Q

At what age should children be dry in the day

A

2-3 years

39
Q

At what age should children be dry in the night

A

3-4 years

40
Q

why do you ask about urine stream in new born boys

A

posterior urethral valves obstruction

41
Q

when should babies produce me

A

95% meconium in first 48 hours (should never lose more than 10% of weight however losing 5% is normal)

42
Q

differentials for no meconium

A

Cystic fibrosis

Stenosis/atresia (E.g. duodenal, anal, Hershprungs-always from distal to proximal)

43
Q

what is normal birth time/premature/post mature?

A

Normal 40 weeks
Premature<37 weeks
Post mature >42 weeks

44
Q

when are night terrors and nightmares common

A 
Night terrors (4-7 years)
Nightmares (8-10 years)
Sleep walking (5-10 years)
45
Q

When should children be able to sleep through night?

A

90% will sleep through the night by 6 months

46
Q

how much sleep should children get

A 
• Birth 16 hours/d; 
• 6 months 14 hours/d; 
• 2 years 13 hours/d; 
• 4 years 12 hours/d; 
18 years 8 hours
47
Q

what age is pincer grip?

A

9 months

48
Q

what age is palm grab

A

6 months

Peads (29 decks)

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