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Drinking Water Distribution > Intro to Water Distribution > Flashcards

Intro to Water Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

True or False? Chlorination is the most common means of disinfection used today to protect the public’s health.

A

True

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2
Q

True or False? As water mains and reservoirs become older, they require less and less maintenance.

A

False. They require more

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3
Q

True or False? Routine water quality monitoring consists of collecting samples at remote locations in the system and testing for chlorine residual and coliforms

A

True

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4
Q

True or False? Existing contaminant limits may be modified if EPA’s ongoing research reveals new information about the effects of a particular substance.

A

True

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5
Q

True or False? Reservoirs that are not heavily used can be a source of taste, odor, and contamination problems.

A

True

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6
Q

True or False? When someone contacts you complaining that their drinking water looks muddy, tastes bad, or smells bad, you need not be concerned.

A

False. You may have a serious problem

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7
Q

True or False? Lack of circulation in a dead end creates nearly ideal conditions for degrading water quality.

A

True

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8
Q

Are groundwaters less or more susceptible to contamination than surface water?

A

Less

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9
Q

True or False? A water supply that is satisfactory in quality for one purpose might be entirely unsatisfactory for another.

A

True

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10
Q

Which is considered a more powerful disinfectant? Chloramines or chlorine?

A

Chlorine

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11
Q

Under what conditions may water mains be located adjacent to sewer lines?

A

When physical conditions or soil conditions prevent minimum separation distances from being met

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12
Q

How can corrosion be prevented on the insides of cement or metal pipes?

A

Line with asphalt or coal tar coatings

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13
Q

The knowledge and skills required to work as a water distribution system operator in a given system depend on:

A

the size and type of water distribution system

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14
Q

What are organics?

A

chemical substances that are based on the element carbon

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15
Q

Why are cloramines more effective against biofilms than chlorine?

A

They are more persistent

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16
Q

Why have drinking water quality standards been prepared and used?

A

To provide the needed quality control and ensure the acceptability of the product

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17
Q

Why is water quality monitoring of distribution systems important?

A

To identify when and where water quality changes occur in the system

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18
Q

When water lines are being repaired, how can possible contamination of the water be prevented?

A

Keep the hole dewatered

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19
Q

What are pathogens?

A

disease causing organisms

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20
Q

What is the primary responsibility of a water treatment plant?

A

To produce a safe and palatable water

21
Q

Perhaps the greatest water quality nuisance is:

A

Corrosion and precipitation of iron

22
Q

What types of consumer complaints can result from hydrant testing and flushing programs?

A

Dirty water complaints

23
Q

What is the purpose of adequate and reliable records?

A

To document the effectiveness of the operation

24
Q

Every operator’s responsibility with regard to safety is:

A

Be sure that the facilities are a safe place to work and that everyone follows safe procedures

25
Q

What should you do after investigating a drinking water complaint?

A

Notify the person who complained of the results and what corrective action was or will be taken

26
Q

Treated water storage facilities at water treatment plants are called:

A

Clear wells

27
Q

What does the term water quality describe?

A

The composite chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of a water supply.

28
Q

One of the best results from a well-guided tour of water system facilities is:

A

gaining support to obtain the funds necessary to run a good operation

29
Q

What conditions in water main dead ends can produce carbon dioxide, methane, and sulfide odors?

A

Anaerobic

30
Q

What is backsiphonage?

A

form of backflow caused by a negative or below atmospheric pressure within the water supply piping

31
Q

What could be the cause of milky water?

A

Air

32
Q

The water supply system’s ultimate consumers:

A
  • Homes
  • Industrial water users
  • Businesses
33
Q

Groundwater may require treatment to remove:

A
  • excessive hardness
  • iron and manganese
  • dissolved gases
  • taste- and odor-causing substances
34
Q

What are the possible causes of water quality degradation in water storage facilities?

A
  • Contamination entering through improperly maintained covers
  • Small animals that gain access through improperly screened overflows
  • Inadequate disinfection of reservoirs after construction or repairs
  • Failure of side walls of below-ground reservoirs
  • Materials introduced to uncovered reservoirs
35
Q

How may large variations in flow through a distribution system adversely affect water quality?

A
  • Low circulation and stagnant water can result in the growth of organisms, formations of sediments and corrosion products, depletion of oxygen, and increased tastes and odors
  • Turbulence can entrain air into the supply causing milky water, which is objectionable to consumers
  • Changes in water velocity and flow reversals can result in sediments being stirred up and carried along until they reach the consumer
36
Q

Typical duties of a water distribution system operator:

A
  • Place barricades, signs, and traffic cones around work sites to protect operators and the public
  • Excavate trenches and install shoring
  • Lay, connect, test, and disinfect water mains
  • Tap into water mains
  • Flush and clean water mains
37
Q

Which diseases are transmitted by internal parasites in water?

A
  • Cryptosporidiosis

- Giardiasis

38
Q

Which types of constituents have limits under primary drinking water standards?

A
  • Organic chemicals
  • Inorganic chemicals
  • Microorganisms
  • Disinfection byproducts
39
Q

Factors that may cause water quality degradation include:

A
  • Cross-connections
  • Corrosion
  • Biological growth and activity
  • Time in the system
  • Dead ends
40
Q

Which supervision and administration tasks might be included in a water distribution system operator’s duties?

A
  • Giving advice on future planning
  • keeping adequate reliable records
  • giving advice on budget requirements
  • training new operators
  • encouraging operators to strive for higher levels of certification
41
Q

Potential safety hazards for water distribution system operators:

A

Working in traffic
Excavating for the installation or repair of pipes
Painting facilities without adequate ventilation

42
Q

Some components of the water distribution system:

A
  • Network of pipes
  • Valves
  • Fire hydrants
  • Service lines
  • Meters,
43
Q

Which items are possible contamination sources for open reservoirs?

A
  • Atmospheric contaminants
  • Animals, including birds and rodents
  • Vandalism
  • Illegal bathing and fishing
  • Windblown contaminants
44
Q

Which operating procedures can result in water quality degradation in a distribution system?

A
  • Poorly performed water quality monitoring and flushing programs
  • Inadequate cross-connection control
  • Insufficient surveillance to determine whether the protective features for storage facilities and mains are still adequate
  • Tolerance of low or negative pressures in the distribution system
  • Inadequate disinfection after repair or installation of new facilities
45
Q

Why is the iron precipitated by the iron bacteria, Crenothrix, of special concern in water distribution systems?

A
  • reduces pipe carrying capacity
  • produces color in water
  • forms deposits in pipes
46
Q

How can chemicals used at water treatment facilities cause water quality problems?

A
  • Excessive use of manganese compounds for taste and odor control results in a colored water
  • Overdosing alum during coagulation treatment results in turbidity and deposits
  • Chlorinating water containing organic materials results in the formation of THMs
  • Improper chlorination causes objectionable tastes and odors
47
Q

Which criteria must a domestic water supply meet to be considered of good quality?

A
  • Free of toxic chemicals
  • free of disease-causing organisms
  • will satisfy to a maximum degree the requirements of domestic and industrial consumers
  • of such a chemical composition that it may be distributed without undue corrosive or scale-forming effects on the water distribution system
  • attractive in taste and appearance
48
Q

Under what conditions would water quality not change in the distribution system?

A
  • If the water were completely stable
  • if the system were completely sealed off from any intrusion
  • if the water were biologically sterile
  • if the system were inert to water
49
Q

How can water in below-ground reservoirs be subject to contamination?

A
  • From flooding by surface stormwaters
  • from windblown contamination
  • from materials that enter through failures in the side walls
  • from vandalism

Drinking Water Distribution (9 decks)

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