Intro To Veterinary Terminology Flashcards
The process of breaking words into component parts.
Break the word into parts —> determine the meaning of each part together —> add the meanings of each part together.
Word Analysis
A unit of meaning attached to the front of a word.
Prefix
The core/foundation of the word’s meaning.
Root
A vowel (most often “o”) added to the end of the rood that doesn’t change the meaning.
Placed between 2 roots, or between a rood and a suffix that begins with a consonant, to help make the newly combined word easier to pronounce.
Combining Vowel
The root and combining vowel together.
Combining Form
A unit of meaning attached to the end of the word.
Suffix
A unit of meaning attached to the prefix/suffix that modifies the root in some way.
Affix
Suffixes that tell you that something about the body isn’t the way it’s supposed to be.
May indicate an abundance, deficiency, presence, or absence.
Diagnostic Suffixes
Suffixes that tell you about a medical procedure.
Procedural Suffixes
Suffixes that mean “pertaining to” or “characteristic of”.
Adjectival Suffixes
“WHAT” prefixes.
Answers questions attempting to quantify or qualify.
Stages and presence or absence of conditions.
Quantitative & Qualitative Prefixes
“WHERE” prefixes.
Describe site within or relative to a structure.
Describe location or direction.
Locational Prefixes
A group of organs working together for a common purpose.
There are 11 —> Lymph System, Cardiovascular System, Endocrine System, Digestive System, Integumentary System (and sensory organs), Nervous (Sensory) System, Musculoskeletal System, Respiratory System, Reproductive Systems (male and female), and Urinary System
Organ System
Responsible for carrying nutrients, wastes, hormones, and gases to and from body cells and providing protection/immunity from harmful organisms.
Bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, and lymph fluid/nodes/ducts/vessels.
Lymph System
Circulates blood throughout the body to deliver nutrients to and remove wastes from organs.
Heart and other __________ structures (arteries, veins, capillaries, blood).
Cardiovascular System
Secretes hormones.
Thyroid, pituitary, and adrenal glands.
Endocrine System
Processes food for nutrient absorption.
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, intestines, and accessory organs (liver, gallbladder, abdomen).
Digestive System
Encase the body, regulate temperature, communicate touch (and many other sensory functions).
Skin, hair, and nails.
Integumentary System and sensory organs
Communicates actions between body systems and carries nerve impulses to and from the brain.
Eyes, ears, brain, and nerves.
Nervous (Sensory) System
Supports the body structures and carries out nerve commands to produce movement.
Bones and muscles.
Musculoskeletal System
Conducts oxygen into and carbon dioxide out of the body.
Trachea and lungs.
Respiratory System
Enable organisms to reproduce.
Male —> testes, penis, and prostate.
Female —> mammary glands, ovaries, uterus, and vagina.
Reproductive Systems
Produces and excretes urine.
Kidneys and bladder.
Urinary System
Study/treatment of the heart and its diseases.
Cardiology
Study of endocrine glands and hormones.
Endocrinology
Study of causes and control of epidemics.
Epidemiology
Care/treatment of diseases of teeth, gums, and jaw.
Dentistry
Study of treatment of skin disorders.
Dermatology
Study/treatment of stomach/intestine disorders.
Gastroenterology
Study of blood and blood diseases.
Hematology
Study of the body’s defense system and related phenomena.
Immunology
Diagnosis and non-surgical treatment of diseases.
Internal Medicine
Study/treatment of kidney diseases.
Nephrology
Study/treatment of nervous system processes/diseases.
Neurology
Study/treatment of tumors.
Oncology
Study/treatment of eye diseases/disorders.
Ophthalmology
Study/treatment of bone, joint, and muscle disorders.
Orthopedics
Treatment of disease by manipulation/massage of musculoskeletal system.
Osteopathy
Study of anatomy/diseases of the ear.
Otology
One who specializes in the treatment of conditions affecting the nose.
Rhinologist
Treatment of throat, ear, and nose diseases/disorders.
Otorhinolaryngology
Tissue analysis to confirm diagnosis and perform autopsies.
Pathology
Study/practice of drug chemistry, preparation, use, and effect.
Pharmacology
Study/treatment of urinary tract diseases.
Urology
Space between the diaphragm and hip bones.
Houses the major digestive organs.
Abdominal
Pertaining to food or nutrition.
Alimentary
Pertaining to arteries or the blood in them.
Arterial
Pertaining to a joint.
Articular
Occurring involuntarily.
Autonomic
Trunk and skull (skeleton).
Axial
Division of the intestine.
Bowel
Pertaining to air tubes of the lungs.
Bronchial
Smallest blood vessels.
Capillary
Pertaining to the heart.
Cardiac
Specialized form of involuntary muscle tissue found only in the heart.
Cardiac Muscle Tissue
Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels.
Cardiovascular
Space or hollow within the body.
Cavity
Pertaining to the brain.
Particularly the cerebrum.
Cerebral
Pertaining to the neck or cervix.
Cervical
Small hairlike structures.
Cilia
Pertaining to blood circulation.
Circulatory
Urogenital chamber of birds into which the intestinal, urinary, and generative canals discharge.
Cloaca
Tail area.
Coccygeal
Secondary or accessory.
Collateral
Part of the large intestine.
Colon
Tissue specializing in connection and support of body parts.
Connective Tissue
Pertaining to sexual intercourse.
Copulatory
Regarding the heart.
Coronary
Pertaining to the space enclosed by the skull.
Houses the brain and pituitary gland.
Cranial
Relating to the skin.
Cutaneous
Falling out at the end of a stage or season.
First set of teeth.
Deciduous
Pertaining to teeth or dentistry.
Dental
Muscular wall dividing thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Diaphragm
Pertaining to the diaphragm.
Diaphragmatic
Regarding the relaxation of the heart muscle allowing heart chambers to fill with blood.
Diastolic
Regarding the conversion of food into chemical substances the body uses.
Digestive
Pertaining to fingers or toes.
Digital
Pertaining to the duodenum.
Duodenal
The first or proximal portion of the small intestine.
Duodenum
Secreting internally; relating to endocrine glands.
Endocrine
Relating to the outer layer of skin.
Epidermal
Tissue that protects, lines, or surrounds body organs.
Epithelial Tissue
Tubular food passage between the neck and stomach.
Esophagus
Relating to the discharge of waste.
Excretory
External secretion of a gland.
Exocrine
Terminal portions —> legs, feet, hooves, paws.
Extremities
Connective tissue membrane.
Fascial
Relating to feces (stool or excrement).
Fecal
Relating to biological heredity.
Genetic
Pertaining to the reproductive organs.
Genital
Pertaining to the reproductive organs.
Genital
Relating to hormones.
Hormonal
Pertaining to the skin of the body.
Integumentary
Pertaining to the large/small intestine.
Intestinal
Muscle tissues that are automatically controlled by the nervous system tissue.
Involuntary Muscle
Upper part of the trachea (windpipe).
Larynx
Pertaining to the lower back.
Lumbar
Pertaining to lymph or lymphatic vessels.
Lymphatic
The mass of tissues and organs separating the two lungs.
Mediastinum
Relating to metabolism.
Metabolic
Secreting mucus or covered by mucus
Mucous (adj.)
Slippery secretion of mucous membranes.
Acts like a lubrication.
Mucus (n.)
Tissue with the power to contract and thus produce movement.
Can be skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, or cardiac muscle.
Muscle Tissue
Pertaining to the muscles.
Muscular
Tissue that carries nerve impulses.
Nerve Tissue
Pertaining to the nerves.
Nervous
Membrane lining the abdominal cavity and viscera.
Peritoneum
Space between lungs and pleura.
Pleural Cavity
Concerning the production of offspring.
Reproductive
Pertaining to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the atmosphere and body cells.
Respiratory
Pertaining to the bones of the body.
Skeletal
Spaces within the vertebrae.
Houses the spinal cord.
Spinal Cavity
Striped.
As in the appearance of voluntary (skeletal) muscles
Striated
Space between the neck and diaphragm.
Houses the lungs.
Thoracic Cavity
Pertaining to the system of urine excretion.
Urinary
Pertaining to organs of excretion and reproduction.
Urogenital
Relating to vessels for passage of bodily fluids.
Vascular
Internal organ(s).
Particularly of the abdominal cavity.
Viscus (pl. Viscera)
Muscle tissues controlled by conscious effort.
Also called skeletal muscle.
Voluntary Muscle Tissue
Laying down.
Recumbent
Laying on its side (left or right).
Lateral Recumbency
Laying on its belly.
Sternal Recumbency
Laying on its back.
Dorsal Recumbency
Toward the head.
Cranial
Toward the tail.
Caudal
Back.
Dorsum.
Dorsal
Belly.
Ventrum.
Ventral
Bottom of animal’s front foot.
Palmar
Bottom of animal’s back foot.
Plantar
Toward the midline of the body.
Medial
Away from the midline of the body.
Lateral
Closeness of a part to its point of origin.
Proximal
Distance of a part to its point of origin.
Distal
External or close to the surface.
Superficial
Internal or far below the surface.
Deep
Divides the body into dorsal (top-facing the ceiling) and ventral (bottom-facing the ground) areas.
Dorsal Plane
Divides the body in left and right parts.
Sagittal Plane
Goes through the exact midline of the body dividing it into two near-mirror images.
Midsagittal Plane
(Median Plane)
Divides the body into cranial and caudal parts.
Can also be created on an extremity.
Transverse Plane
(Cross-Sectional Plane)
Abdominal
The portion of the trunk caudal to the diaphragm.
Adipose
Fat
Adrenal
Adrenal glads (near the kidneys).
Alimentary
Food or nutrition (alimentary canal).
Anal
The region of the anus.
Anatomical Position
Standing on all four legs, neck straight, head up, and facing forward.
Antebrachial
The forearms and the lower front leg.
Anterior
Nearer the front of the body or the head.
Aortic
The aorta (largest artery).
Appendicular
Legs (appendages, extremities).
Arterial
Arteries or the blood in them.
Articulation
The joint or juncture of 2+ body parts.
Axial
The head, neck, and body.
Axillary
The armpit area (front leg).
Brachial
The arm or upper front leg.
Buccal
Inner surfaces of the cheeks.
Carpal
The wrist
Caudal
The tail.
Celiac
The abdomen.
Cephalic
The head.
Cervical
The neck.
Coccygeal
The tail area.
Costal
Ribs.
Cranial
The skull.
Crural
The leg.
Cubital
The elbow or forearm.
Cutaneous
Skin.
Deep
A region below the surfaces of the body.
Digital
Toes.
Distal
A direction away from the point of origin.
Dorsal
The back.
Epigastric
The region above the stomach.
Extremities
Limbs.
Femoral
The thigh.
Forearm
The portion of the arm between the elbow and the carpus.
Frontal
The forehead.
Gluteal
The buttock.
Groin
The region between the abdomen and the thigh.
Hypochondrium
The region below the cartilage of the ribs.
Hypogastric
Areas below the stomach.
Iliac
The hip bone.
Inguinal
The groin.
Lateral
Away from midline (the side).
Lateral Recumbency
Laying on the side (left or right).
Lumbar
The lower back (and side).
Mammary
Breasts.
Medial
Toward midline (the middle).
Midsagittal
A line dividing the body at its exact median into 2 near-mirror images.
Also called medial.
Occipital
The back of the skull.
Ophthalmic
The eyes.
Oral
The mouth.
Orbital
The bony cavity that contains the eyeball.
Palmar
The sole of the front foot.
Patellar
The knee.
Pectoral
The chest.
Pedal
The foot.
Pelvic
The caudal portion of the body.
Perineal
The region between the anus and the genitals.
Planes
Sections of body space.
Plantar
The sole of the hind foot.
Popliteal
The region behind the knee.
Posterior
The back.
Proximal
An area near the point of origin.
Quadrants
1 of 4 sections in the abdominopelvic area.
Recumbent
Laying down.
Rostral
Toward the nose.
Sacral
The portion of the spine located near the pelvis.
Sagittal Plane
A plane that divides the body vertically into right and left parts.
Sternal Recumbency
Laying on the belly.
Superficial
A region close to the surface of the body.
Tarsal
The ankle or hock.
Temporal
The side of the skull.
Thoracic
The chest.
Transverse Plane
A plane that divides the body horizontally into superior and inferior parts.
Cross-sectional Plane.
Umbilical
The naval.
Ventral
A direction toward the belly.
Zygomatic
The cheek.
Hollow instrument used to withdraw fluid.
Especially from body cavities, cysts, or joints.
Aspirator
Device used to sterilize instruments with pressurized, superheated steam.
Autoclave
Tube inserted into narrow opening for removal or introduction of fluids.
Catheter
Surgical instrument used to compress blood vessel or close off end of intestine.
Clamp
Spoon-shaped instrument used to scrape tissue from body cavities.
Curette
Tube or wick used to draw fluid from body cavity to surface
Drain
Tube used to drain fluid from inside body.
Drain Tube
Slender, tubular instrument used for viewing and examining internal body parts.
Endoscope
Instrument used to file or rasp a horse’s premolar/molar teeth.
Float
Fluorescent screen on which x-rays may be viewed.
Fluoroscope
Any of the various instruments used to grasp and pull objects.
Forceps
Device used to stop or prevent hemorrhaging.
Hemostat
Needle and syringe used for injection under the skin.
Hypodermic
Anesthesia administered by inhaling.
Inhalant Anesthesia
Wide, two-edged, pointed surgical knife.
Lancet
Nylon, wire, or catgut tied around a structure to prevent bleeding.
Ligature
Anesthesia used to numb a specific area without causing a loss of consciousness.
Local Anesthesia
Instrument that directs fine beams of light into eye to examine its interior.
Ophthalmoscope
Thin, flexible, metal rod with blunt end.
Used to explore cavities and wounds.
Probe
Thin, flexible, metal rod with blunt end.
Used to explore cavities and wounds.
Probe
Anesthesia used to numb a limb or an entire section of the body.
Regional Anesthesia
Instrument that draws aside edges of skin or tissue to expose operational site.
Retractor
Small, pointed surgical knife with convex blade edge.
Used to cut tissue.
Scalpel
Flexible fiber-optic instrument for inspection of body interior.
Scope
Instrument that holds open a cavity, especially vagina or ear, for inspection.
Speculum
Diaphragm connected to earpieces.
Used to listen to sounds within the body.
Stethoscope
Sterile thread used to close a wound or surgical opening.
Stitches
Suture
Soft, sterile material that absorbs blood and body fluids during surgery.
Surgical Sponge
Piston in tube attached to hollow needle.
Syringe
Anesthesia applied to the skin to “numb” surface area.
Topical Anesthesia
Premature expulsion of a fetus.
Either by nature or intent.
Abortion
Placenta and fetal membranes expelled from uterus in parturition.
Afterbirth
Genetic trait causing lack of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eye.
Albino
To neuter a male animal or spay a female animal.
Alter
Introduction of semen into the uterus by other than natural means.
Artificial Insemination
Male goat.
Billy Goat
Female dog.
Bitch
Male pig.
Boar
Group of related animals similar enough to produce similar offspring.
Breed (n.)
To supervise the sexual propagation of animals.
Breed (v.)
Offspring from one hatching of a bird’s eggs.
Brood
Hen sitting on eggs.
Broody
Male deer, goat, rabbit, or kangaroo.
Buck
Male of various large mammals (especially cattle).
Bull
Castrated bull or steer.
Bullock
Bovine younger than one year.
Calf
Neutered rooster.
Capon
Removal of the testicles.
Neutered a male animal.
Castration
Removal of unborn young by surgical incision into the uterus.
Cesarean Section
Young bird (especially a chicken).
Chick
Bodies within the cell nucleus that store genetic information.
Chromosome
Group of eggs laid at one time by a bird.
Clutch
Male swan.
Cob
Male chicken older than one year.
Cock
Male chicken younger than one year.
Cockerel
Protein- and antibody-rich milk secreted by the mother after giving birth.
Colostrum
Male horse before maturity.
Colt
Condition existing at birth but not hereditary.
Congenital
Female of various large animals (especially cattle).
Cow
Young swan.
Cygnet
Female parent.
Dam
Adult female goat or deer.
Doe
Male duck.
Drake
Young duck.
Duckling
Undeveloped fetus.
The young in an early stage of development.
Embryo
Time of reproductive cycle when the female is receptive to mating.
Estrus
Female sheep of breeding age.
Ewe
Union of the sperm and egg.
Fertilization
Unborn developing animal.
Fetus
Female horse under four years old.
Filly
Young bird just learning to fly.
Fledgling
Young or newborn horse.
Foal
Male goose.
Gander
Neutered male horse.
Gelding
Part of the chromosomes carrying hereditary information.
Gene
Part of the reproductive anatomy.
General term.
Genitalia
Time between conception and birth of an offspring.
Gestation Period
Young female pig.
Gilt
Male turkey.
Gobbler
Young goose.
Gosling
Pregnant.
Containing developing young.
Gravid
Estrus condition.
Informal term.
Heat
Young (female) cow.
Heifer
Transmissible from parent to offspring.
Genetically determined.
Hereditary
Protrusion of tissue through inguinal canals of males.
Inguinal Hernia
Male donkey.
Jackass.
Jack
Female donkey.
Jenny
Young goat.
Kid
Young cat.
Kitten
Young sheep.
Lamb
Several offspring from one birth (especially in mammals).
Litter
Glads of female mammals that secrete milk after parturition.
Mammary Glands
Female horse four years or older.
Mare
Expulsion of underdeveloped fetus.
Miscarriage
Having one estrus period per year.
Monestrous
Mixed-breed dog.
Mutt.
Mongrel
Female goat.
Nanny Goat
Newborn animal.
Neonate
Structure made or place chosen for breeding or laying eggs.
Nest
Removal of the reproductive organs.
Neuter
Brilliant mating-season plumage exhibited by some birds (usually males).
Nuptial Plumage
Animals whose eggs develop outside the mother’s body.
Oviparous
Animals whose eggs develop within the mother’s oviduct.
Ovoviviparous
Process of giving birth.
Parturition
Female swan.
Pen
Young pig.
Piglet
Organ within the gravid uterus, expelled after birthing.
Placenta
Having more than one estrous period per year.
Polyestrous
Fold of skin for carrying young on abdomen of female marsupial.
Pouch
Condition in which offspring develop in the female uterus.
Pregnancy
Protective sheath covering the penis.
Prepuce
Female chicken younger than one year.
Pullet
Young dog or seal.
Pup
Mature female cat used for breeding.
Queen
Sexually mature male sheep (about six months of age or older).
Ram
Male chicken.
Rooster
Pig under one year old.
Shoat
Male parent of any quadruped (especially a horse).
Sire
Female pig.
Sow
To remove the ovaries and uterus.
To neuter a female animal.
Spay
Fledgling pigeon.
Squab
Male deer.
Stag
Male horse.
Stallion
Neutered bull.
Steer
Male horse used for breeding.
Stud
Male cat or turkey.
Tom
Vessel connecting the fetus to the placenta.
Umbilical Cord
Female passage for copulation and birthing.
Vagina
Giving birth to live young developed in the uterus.
Viviparous
Female fox.
Vixen
Neutered ram or billy goat.
Wether
Giving birth to (said especially of dogs).
Whelp (v.)
Irritation of skin or mucous membrane.
Abrasion
Red blood cell deficiency.
Anemia
An Anesthetic agent, causing a loss of feeling.
Relating to anesthesia.
Anesthetic
An _______ agent, causing a loss of feeling.
Relating to anesthesia.
Anesthetic
Substance that destroys or inhibits disease-causing bacteria.
Antibiotic
Substance formed by the body to counteract antigens.
Antibody
Substance that hinders blood clotting.
Anticoagulant
Substance that stimulates the body’s immune system.
Antigen
Preventing the growth of microorganisms. Clean.
Antiseptic
Substance that counteracts the toxicity of venom.
Antivenin
Periodic cessation of breathing.
Apnea
Joint inflammation.
Arthritis
Procedure for preventing contamination during sterile procedures.
Aseptic Technique
Detachment or tearing away of a body part.
Avulsion
Microscopic, single-celled organisms that thrive in diverse environments.
Bacteria
Removal and examination of tissues for diagnosis.
Biopsy
An infection caused by brucella bacteria.
Brucellosis
Viral disease in dogs.
Canine Distemper
Canine Parvovirus
Chronic disorder of the heart.
Disease that affects the heart muscle.
Cardiomyopathy
Introduction of a catheter into a body part.
Catheterization
Agent that produces blood clotting.
Coagulant
Acute abdominal pain… Common in horses.
Colic
Folded cloth or pad applied so as to press on a body part.
Compress
Infrequent, difficult passage of dry feces.
Constipation
Uncontrolled, violet muscle contraction.
Convulsion
Inflammation of the bladder.
Cystitis
Diabetic condition cause by pituitary disorder.
Diabetes Insipidus
Diabetic condition caused by an inadequate supply of insulin.
Diabetes Mellitus
Agent that destroys infection.
Disinfectant
Anesthetic that chemically dissociates (separates out) perceptions of pain.
Dissociative Agent
Cosmetic surgical removal of a portion of a dog’s tail.
Docking
Difficulty breathing.
Dyspnea
Vomiting.
Emesis
Originating from within the organism.
Endogenous
Endotracheal
Placement of a tube through the trachea.
As in intubation.
Injection of liquid through the anus to empty the intestine.
Enema
Part of bone where growth occurs.
Often a breakage site in young animals.
Epiphysis
Humane painless killing of an injured/ill animal.
Euthanasia
Originating from outside the organism.
Exogenous
Occurring on the outside.
External
Break in bone.
Fracture
Infectious inflammation of the peritoneum of cats.
Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP)
Viral disease affecting white blood cells in cats.
Feline parvovirus.
Feline Panleukopenia
Condition in cats caused by mineral deposits in the urinary tract.
Occurs when renal stones exit the renal pelvis and move into the remainder of the urinary collecting system (ureters, bladder, urethra).
Feline Urolithiasis
(pronounced yr•ow•luh•thai•us•suhs)
Inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
Gastroenteritis
Bad breath.
Halitosis
Laboratory procedure to determine the percentage of red blood cells in blood.
Hematocrit
Condition of delayed blood clotting.
Hemophilia
Inflammation of the liver.
Hepatitis
Viral disease that causes upper respiratory symptoms in animals.
Including difficulty breathing, thick nasal discharge, coughing and sneezing.
Herpes Virus
Excessive function of the thyroid gland.
Hyperthyroidism
Exaggerated growth.
Hypertrophy
Deficient activity/function of the thyroid gland.
Hypothyroidism
Ability to resist disease.
Immunity
Cut made into the body.
Incision
Medication administered via the respiratory tract.
Inhalant
Occurring on the inside.
Internal
Wound of body tissue.
Laceration
Infectious bacterial canine disease.
Often spread through urine of an infected animal.
Leptospirosis
Sluggish.
Lethargic
Disease of the white blood cells.
Leukemia
Dislocation.
Luxation
Malignant lymph tumor.
Lymphosarcoma
Causes mucous membrane inflammation.
Results from infection with any one of several closely related gammaherpesviruses that cause a severe disease process that affects the lymphoid tissues, the mucosal lining of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, and the central nervous system of susceptible ungulate species.
Common in cattle and sheep and other ruminants.
Malignant Catarrhal Fever (MCF)
Inflammation of the breast.
Mastitis
Counteract the effect of.
Neutralize
Examine by touch.
Palpate
Viral infection of the respiratory tract.
Parainfluenza
Organism living on or in another organism.
Parasite
The structural and functional signs of disease or study of its essential nature.
Pathology
Infection of the lungs found in cattle.
Characterized by a severe fibrinous bronchopneumonia.
Also known as Shipping/Transit Fever (vague clinical term).
Pneumonic Pasteurellosis
Air in the pleural cavity.
Pneumothorax
Excessive thirst.
Polydipsia (PD)
Excessive appetite.
Polyphagia
Excessive urination.
Polyuria (PU)
Slipping of a body part from its usual position.
Prolapse
A wound made with a pointed object or instrument.
Puncture (n.)
To pierce with a pointed object or instrument.
Puncture (v.)
Inflammation of the kidney and pelvis caused by bacterial infection.
Pyelonephritis
Acute infectious viral disease of the Central Nervous System.
Rabies
X-ray image.
Radiograph
The use of radiant energy (x-ray) in diagnosis and treatment.
Radiology
Manipulating broken bones to correct position.
Reduction
Tearing or breaking apart of a tissue.
Rupture
Tranquilizing drug.
Sedative
Tests using blood serum.
Serology
Material spread on a slide for microscopic examination.
Smear
Small amount of a body fluid used in laboratory tests.
Specimen
Free from microorganisms.
Sterile
Drug that produces increased body functions.
Stimulant
Near the surface.
Superficial
Operative or manual procedure to correct a health condition.
Surgery
Indication of the presence of disease.
Also referred to as signs.
Symptom
Infectious disease usually introduced through a wound.
A serious disease of the nervous system caused by a toxin-producing bacterium.
Marked by rigidity and spasms —> Muscle contractions, especially of the jaw and neck (lockjaw).
Tetanus
Poisonous.
Toxic
A contagious disease of all species caused by Toxoplasma gondii.
Toxoplasmosis
Immunization agent.
Vaccine
Disease of animals that can be transmitted to humans.
Zoonosis
