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Foundations Of Vet Tech > History & Physical > Flashcards

History & Physical Flashcards

1
Q

Examinations help establish a relationship between the vet, the client, and the patient.
Legal requirement in most states.
Necessary for the vet to be able to treat the animal and prescribe medications.

A

Veterinarian-Client-Patient Relationship (VCPR)

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2
Q

The most common veterinary procedure and the foundation of diagnosis/treatment.

A

Physical Examination

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3
Q

First step of every vet physical examination.
Provides information that helps the vet evaluate the patient’s physical status, develop a diagnosis, create a treatment plan, and offer a prognosis (outlook) for the patient).

A

Medical History

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4
Q

Overall patient description.
Includes breed, gender, age, and reproductive status.

A

Signalment

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5
Q

Key components of a good, thorough history are:

A

Identifying primary/presenting problem.
Completing a medical history.
Completing the environmental history.
Reviewing the body systems.

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6
Q

The reason for the patient’s visit.

A

Primary/Presenting Problem
Client Complaint

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7
Q

Details animal’s current living situation.
Including travel history.
Ownership, diet, medications, environment.

A

Environmental History

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8
Q

Discuss each body system in sequence and record any current or previous problems.

A

Body Systems History & Body Systems Review

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9
Q

Skin, scales, hair, nails, hooves, horns, feathers.

A

Integumentary System

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10
Q

Nose, mouth, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs.

A

Respiratory System

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11
Q

Heart, blood, blood vessels.

A

Circulatory System

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12
Q

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, anus, liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

A

Gastrointestinal System
Digestive System

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13
Q

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, reproductive organs.
Male - penis, prostate, testes.
Female - ovaries, uterus, vagina.

A

Urogenital System

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14
Q

Bones, muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, connective tissues.

A

Musculoskeletal System

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15
Q

Brain, spinal cord, nerves.

A

Nervous System

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16
Q

Science that relates to different parts of an animal’s body.

A

Anatomy

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17
Q

Science that explains how body parts function individually and collectively.

A

Physiology

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18
Q

Way to measure a horse’s weight by measuring around the horse’s chest (heart area just behind the elbow) and a conversion char that translates the circumference of horse’s chest into total body weight.

A

Heart-Girth Tape

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19
Q

Mitral and tricuspid valve closures.

A

“Lub” (heart sound)

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20
Q

Aortic and pulmonic valve closures.

A

“Dub” (heart sound)

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21
Q

Abnormal heart rate or rhythm.

A

Arrhythmia

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22
Q

Abnormally slow heart rate (arrhythmia).

A

Bradycardia

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23
Q

Abnormally fast heart rate (arrhythmia).

A

Tachycardia

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24
Q

Heart rate cyclically decreases when the animal exhales and increases when the animal inhales.

A

Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia

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25
Q

Abnormal “swooshing” sounds relating to the improper closure of heart valves (or other cardiac diseases).

A

Murmur

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26
Q

Heart pumps blood through the arteries —> arterial walls expand/contract.
________ is created via this pressure on the arterial walls.

A

Pulse

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27
Q

Pulse - excessive pressure.

A

Bounding

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28
Q

Pulse - weak, feels like a small thread moving under your fingers.

A

Thready

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29
Q

One inhalation and one exhalation.

A

Breath
Full Respiration

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30
Q

Lung sound - harsh noises that sound like crumpling cellophane paper.

A

Crackles

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31
Q

Lung sound - high pitched musical noises hear on expiration.

A

Wheezes

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32
Q

Lung sound - high pitched noises on inspiration OR expiration.

A

Stridor

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33
Q

Blood flow to organs and peripheral tissues.

A

Perfusion

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34
Q

MM color indicating shock.

A

Pale/White

35
Q

MM color indicating hypothermia or cardiac/respiratory disease.

A

Blue/Purple (Cyanotic)

36
Q

MM color indicating shock or hyperthermia.

A

Red (Hyperemic)

37
Q

Virals order:

A

Weight
Heart Rate
Pulse
Respiratory Rate (and Effort)
Mucous Membrane Color
Capillary Refill Time (CRT)
Temperature

38
Q

Dog Vitals

A

Temp: 99.5-102.5°F
HR/Pulse: 80-140 (young), 60-140 (adult)
Respiration: 20-25 (young), 20-30 (adult)

39
Q

Cat Vitals

A

Temp: 100.5-102.5°F
HR/Pulse: 140-200 (young), 140-200 (adult)
Respiration: 20-30 (young), 20-40 (adult)

40
Q

Horse Vitals

A

Temp: 99-101°F
HR/Pulse: 60-80 (young), 30-50 (adult)
Respiration: 14-15 (young), 9-10 (adult)

41
Q

Cow Vitals

A

Temp: 100-102°F
HR/Pulse: 100-150 (young), 40-60 (adult)
Respiration: 30-60 (young), 12-16 (adult)

42
Q

Sheep Vitals

A

Temp: 101-104°F
HR/Pulse: 80-120 (young), 70-80 (adult)
Respiration: 15-20 (young), 15-40 (adult)

43
Q

Involves careful visual inspection of each body part and evaluating the animal as a whole.
Observe at a distance noting demeanor, posture, and gait.
Examine appearance for ways to identify any problems.

A

Observation

44
Q

Involves touch.
Tissues/structures, something that’s hard that should be soft or something that’s soft that should be hard, texture, if the animal flinches.

45
Q

Involves listening with a stethoscope to the body’s various sounds.
Heart and lungs.
But also sinuses, windpipe, stomach, and intestines.

A

Auscultation

46
Q

A comprehensive head-to-tail examination involves each body system:
List them.

A

Integumentary
Respiratory
Circulatory
Gastrointestinal
Urogenital
Musculoskeletal
Nervous
Lymphatic
Eyes and Ears

47
Q

Comprises skin, hair, nails, and skin.
Start with coat —> skin —> surface of legs/paws —> turgor pressure.

A

Integumentary System

48
Q

Normal elastics of the skin.
Evidence of dehydration.

A

Turgor Pressure

49
Q

Check nose/sinuses, mouth (oral cavity), throat, and thorax.

A

Respiratory System

50
Q

Crackling/rattling sounds during inhalation.

51
Q

Examine mouth (including mucous membranes and CRT), throat, thorax, and pulse.

A

Circulatory System

52
Q

Where to feel the pulse:

A

Femoral artery in small animals.
Facial artery of large animals.

53
Q

Difference between heartbeat and pulse beat (feel pulse beat while listening to heartbeat).
Notably slower or pulse beat is missing.

A

Pulse Deficit

54
Q

Examine mouth (oral cavity), throat (esophagus), abdomen, and rectum.

A

Gastrointestinal System
Digestive System

55
Q

Involuntary constriction and relaxation of the muscles of the intestine (or other canal), creating wavelike movements that push the contents of the digestive tract forward.

A

Peristalsis

56
Q

Female —> check mammary glands and examine vulva.
Male —> palpate testicles and penis.

A

Urogenital System

57
Q

Palpate muscles and leg bones. Examine each joint for range of motion. Apply pressure to the muscles around the spine (moving from neck to tail). Body Condition Score (BCS). Muscle Condition Score (MCS).

A

Musculoskeletal System

58
Q

Wasting away.

59
Q

Degree of slimness or obesity on a scale of 1-9.

A

Body Condition Score (BCS)

60
Q

Degree of muscle present on a scale of 1-4.

A

Muscle Condition Score (MCS)

61
Q

Evaluate palpebral reflex, menace reflex, and propioception.

A

Nervous System

62
Q

Evaluated by touching the medial corner of the eye to elicit a blink.

A

Palpebral Reflex

63
Q

Evaluate by moving an open palm rapidly toward animal’s eye (should elicit blinking).

A

Menace Reflex

64
Q

Righting reflex.
Flex paw, place it on floor, animal should immediately return paw to its normal position.

A

Proprioception

65
Q

Evaluates animal’s palpable peripheral lymph nodes.
Submandibular, prescapular, axillary, inguinal, and popliteal.

A

Lymphatic System

66
Q

Lymph node located caudal to the mandible on each side of jaw.

A

Submandibular Lymph Node

67
Q

Lymph node located just cranial and dorsal to the shoulder joint.

A

Prescapular Lymph Node

68
Q

Lymph node located in the animal’s armpit region.

A

Axillary Lymph Node

69
Q

Lymph node located in the inguinal region between the rear legs (groin).

A

Inguinal Lymph Node

70
Q

Lymph node located at the caudal aspect of the rear leg behind the stifle (knee) joint.

A

Popliteal Lymph Node

71
Q

Don’t nearly fit in any one system, so examined as separate organs.

A

Eyes & Ears

72
Q

Membrane that covers the eyeball and the inside of the eyelids.

A

Conjunctiva

73
Q

White part of eye.

74
Q

Transparent layer that covers the very front of the eye.

75
Q

For examination/magnification of the eye.

A

Ophthalmoscope

76
Q

Ear drum.

A

Tympanic Membrane

77
Q

For examination/magnification of the ear.

78
Q

For examination/magnification of the ear.

79
Q

What does SOAP stand for?

A

Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Procedue/Plan

80
Q

Include the reason the animal is being presented to the vet clinic and observations that can’t be quantified.
Subject to the observation/descriptive powers of the evaluator.
Includes patient history details obtained from the client.

A

Subjective Data

81
Q

Quantifiable, data that is/can be measured.
Includes weight, temperature, pulse, respiration, lab data, and details of the physical exam.

A

Objective Data

82
Q

Includes possible/probable explanations for the problem (differential diagnosis).
Roadmap for diagnostic testing —> guiding vet’s testing choices.

A

Assessment

83
Q

Outlines the plan for treatment and the prognosis.
*Includes any problems that should be monitored, follow-up care instructions to the client, medications prescribed, and other recommendations.

A

Procedure/Plan

84
Q

Client’s interactions with the practice (most are with he vet).
*Animal’s recovery/health depend on the client’s ability to administer follow-up care.

A

Client Education

Foundations Of Vet Tech (7 decks)

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