intro to vaccines Flashcards
definition of immunisation
definition of vaccination
definition of a vaccine
active immunity
natural - naturally catch an infection and produce antibodies
artificial - given a vaccination
= long term immunity
passive immunity
natural - via mother through placenta/breastmilk
artificial - given as therapy
= short term immunity
types of vaccines
live attenuated virus - can replicate but cant cause any problems
inactivated virus - contains the whole microbe which has been killed so cant replicate
advantages and disadvantages of live attenuated virus
pros
- single/ fewer doses
- reproduce natural infection
- good level of protection
cons
- reversion to virulent wild virus
- storage issues
pros and cons of inactivated virus
pros
- safe
- stable
cons
- multiple boosters needed
- less effective than live vaccines
- high conc required
route of vaccine administrations
- oral (rotavirus)
- nasal (influenza)
= easy for kids
- injectable (around deltoid)
immune mechanisms activated
- vaccine picked up by antigen presenting cell
- initate immune response
- T cell response activated as a form of CD4 and CD8 (humoral)
- B cell response for antibody production- IGm or IGg
- memory B cells and plasma cells will continue to produce antibodies
goals of active immunistaion
- long lasting antibody response
herd immunity
need 80-85% of the population to be vaccinated to control infection
immunisation strategy
contraindications to active immunistaions
- severe // localised recation to previous dose
- moderate / severe illness
- infants born to mothers who are immunosupressed
- allergy to eggs
- allergy to geletine
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absolute contraindications to active immunisation
