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Massage Therapy Module 0 > Intro to the Body > Flashcards

Intro to the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Where should hands be placed during palpation?

A

One on top of the other. The top hand applies pressure while the bottom hand palpates.

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2
Q

Larger structures should be palpated with what?

A

The hands.

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3
Q

Smaller structures should be palpated with what?

A

The fingers.

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4
Q

How can you ascertain direction when palpating?

A

Strum across the fiber.

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5
Q

When palpating a stationary structure, your hands should…

A

Move

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6
Q

When palpating a moving structure, your hands should…

A

Stay still.

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7
Q

Types of movement

A

Active, passive and resisted.

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8
Q

Active movement

A

The client performs the movement themselves.

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9
Q

Passive movement

A

Movement which is performed by the practitioner while the client relaxes.

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10
Q

Resisted movement

A

The client performs the movement against resistance from the practitioner.

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11
Q

Connective tissue types in the muscle

A

Epimysium, perimysium and endomysium.

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12
Q

Epimysium

A

Fascia which encases the entire muscle belly.

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13
Q

Perimysium

A

Fascia which wraps the muscle fibers into bundles.

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14
Q

Endomysium

A

Fascia which encapsulates each microscopic muscle fiber.

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15
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Connect muscles to periosteum.

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16
Q

Periosteum

A

The covering of bones.

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17
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

They connect bones to each other.

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18
Q

Fascia

A

A continuous sheet of connective tissue that runs throughout the body.

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19
Q

Retinaculum

A

Structure that holds an organ or tissue in place. Typically a transverse thickening of a deep fascia that straps tendons down.

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20
Q

Bursa

A

Fluid filled sack that reduces friction between two surfaces.

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21
Q

How many bursa are in the body?

A

Around 600.

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22
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa. Causes tenderness and joint clicking.

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23
Q

Aponeurosis

A

A broad, flat tendon.

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24
Q

Acromial region

A

Around the acromion process in the shoulder.

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25
Q

Popliteal

A

The back of the knee.

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26
Q

Sural

A

The back of the lower leg.

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27
Q

Cubital

A

The back of the elbow.

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28
Q

Antecubital

A

The inside of the elbow.

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29
Q

Crural

A

The shin.

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30
Q

Inguinal

A

The region between the abdomen and the pubic region.

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31
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body right and left.

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32
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides the body front and back.

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33
Q

Coronal plane

A

Another name for the frontal plane.

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34
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body top and bottom.

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35
Q

Cranial and caudal

A

Used for the trunk. Caudal refers to towards the buttocks and cranial refers to towards the head.

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36
Q

Movement terms refer to what?

A

A joint

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37
Q

Extension

A

Movement which straightens or opens a joint.

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38
Q

Flexion

A

Movement which bends a joint or brings bones closer together.

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39
Q

Adduction

A

Movement which brings a limb closer to the midline.

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40
Q

Abduction

A

Movement which brings a limb further from the midline.

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41
Q

Rotation

A

Generally only applies to the axial skeleton, but can also apply to the shoulder and hip.

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42
Q

Circumduction

A

Movement which involves flexion, extension, adduction and abduction to create a cone-shaped movement. Possible at the shoulder and hip joints.

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43
Q

Lateral flexion

A

Only possible for the axial skeleton; involves bending to the side.

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44
Q

Elevation

A

Superior movement, possible at the scapula and jaw.

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45
Q

Depression

A

Inferior movement; possible at the scapula and jaw.

46
Q

Supination

A

Pivoting of the forearm such that the palm is up. The radius and ulna are parallel.

47
Q

Pronation

A

Pivoting the forearm such that the palm is face down. The radius and ulna are crossed.

48
Q

Inversion

A

Movements at multiple foot joints causing the soles of the feet to be turned in.

49
Q

Eversion

A

Movements at multiple foot joints causing the soles of the feet to be turned out.

50
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Extension of the ankle.

51
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion of the ankle.

52
Q

Protraction

A

Anterior movement.

53
Q

Retraction

A

Posterior movement.

54
Q

Protraction and retraction apply to which joints?

A

Scapula, clavicle, head and jaw.

55
Q

Opposition

A

The carpometacarpal joint of the thumb when the thumb touches the pinkie.

56
Q

The skull consists of what portions?

A

The cranial, facial and mandibular portions.

57
Q

Tarsals

A

The bones of the ankle.

58
Q

Metatarsals

A

The bones of the foot.

59
Q

Calcaneous

A

Heel bones.

60
Q

Types of joints

A

Cartilagenous, fibrous and synovial.

61
Q

Shapes of synovial joints

A

Ball and socket, hinge, gliding, ellipsoid, saddle, pivot.

62
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

A round ball sits in a round socket. Capable of movement in all directions.

63
Q

Movement possible by a ball and socket

A

Movement in all directions.

64
Q

Movement possible by a hinge joint

A

Flexion and extension.

65
Q

Gliding synovial joint

A

Two flat surfaces glide against one another, allowing small movements.

66
Q

Ellipsoid joint

A

An elliptical ball and socket.

67
Q

Type of movement allowed by ellipsoid joints

A

Flexion, extension, adduction and abduction.

68
Q

Saddle joint

A

A modified ellipsoid joint in which there is a concave and convex surface.

69
Q

Pivot joint

A

One surface rotates around another.

70
Q

Spine

A

Vertebral column

71
Q

Neck

A

Cervical spine.

72
Q

Scapula

A

Scapulothoracic joint

73
Q

Shoulder

A

Glenohumeral joint

74
Q

Elbow

A

Humeroulnar and humeroradial joints.

75
Q

Forearm

A

Proximal and distal radioulnar joints.

76
Q

Wrist

A

Radiocarpal joints

77
Q

Thumb

A

First carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal joints.

78
Q

Fingers

A

Metacarpophalangeal and proximal and distal interphalangeal joints.

79
Q

Hip

A

Coxal joint.

80
Q

Knee

A

Tibiofemoral joint.

81
Q

Origin

A

Muscle attachment to the more stationary bone.

82
Q

Insertion

A

Muscle attachment to the more mobile bone.

83
Q

How many named muscles are there in the body?

A

639

84
Q

Muscle belly configurations

A

Parallel or pennate.

85
Q

Parallel muscle bellies

A

Have fibers that run the length of the muscle.

86
Q

Parallel muscle belly types

A

Flat, sphincter, fusiform, strap, triangular.

87
Q

Pennate muscle belly types

A

Unipennate, bipennate and multipennate.

88
Q

Pennate muscle bellies

A

Have fibers that run oblique to the tendons.

89
Q

Purpose of the lymphatic system

A

Drain interstitial fluid, support the immune system and carry fats from the intestines to the blood.

90
Q

Adduction of the scapula

A

Squeezing the shoulder blades together.

91
Q

Abduction of the scapula

A

The scapulas separate like in boxing.

92
Q

Shoulder flexion

A

The arm comes forward like after an underhand throw.

93
Q

Shoulder extension

A

The arm comes backwards like winding up for an underhand throw.

94
Q

Shoulder adduction and abduction

A

A movement like making a snow angel.

95
Q

Horizontal adduction and abduction of the shoulder.

A

Holding the arm directly in front, move it laterally out to the side.

96
Q

Rotation of the shoulder

A

Rotation from front to side. Looks like the action on a weight machine.

97
Q

Wrist abduction

A

Also called radial deviation. Bending towards the thumb.

98
Q

Wrist adduction.

A

Also called ulnar deviation. Bending towards the pinkie.

99
Q

Thumb flexion

A

The thumb flattens against the palm.

100
Q

Thumb extension

A

The thumb sticks out to the side like a hitch-hiker.

101
Q

Thumb adduction

A

The thumb moves towards the backside of the hand.

102
Q

Thumb abduction

A

The thumb moves forwards towards the palm of the hand.

103
Q

Finger adduction

A

The fingers are together.

104
Q

Finger abduction

A

The fingers are spread apart.

105
Q

Anterior tilt of the pelvis

A

Also called downward rotation. The butt sticks out.

106
Q

Posterior tilt of the pelvis

A

Also called upward rotation. The butt is tucked under.

107
Q

Hip flexion

A

The leg is lifted up in front of the body like kicking a soccer ball.

108
Q

Hip extension

A

The leg is cocked back like before a soccer ball is kicked.

109
Q

Hip adduction and abduction

A

The legs move out and back like when making a snow angel.

110
Q

Hip rotation

A

The hip rotates like when playing hacky-sack.

Massage Therapy Module 0 (11 decks)

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