Intro to sono Test 1 Flashcards
Changes in the direction of propagation of a sound wave transmitted across an interface where the speed of sound varies
Refraction
Sound transmitted and received intermittently with one transducer
Pulse wave doppler
An easy and effective way to measure heart rate, recorded as beats per minute(bpm)
pulse
The amount of time the piezoelectric element vibrates after electrical stimulation
pulse duration
Ability to compensate for attenuation of the transmittal beam as sound wave travels through tissue in the body
time gain compensation
Convenient, noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood
oximetry
Speed of the ultrasound wave; caused by motion between the reflector and the transducer’s beam
velocity
Refers to observable and measurable signs of life
Vital signs
Special material in the transducer that has the ability to convert electrical impulses into sound waves
crystal
Minimum distance between two objects located side by side at which they can be displayed as separate objects
Lateral resolution
One transducer continuously transmits sound, and receives sound, used in high velocity flow patterns
continuous wave Doppler
Device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils
nasal cannula
Change in frequency of a reflected wave; caused by motion between the reflector and the transducer’s beam
frequency shift
The product of the velocity of sound in a medium and the density of that medium
acoustic impedance
Unit of frequency; equal to 1 cycle per second
hertz
Normal pattern of vessel flow; flow in the center of the vessel is faster than it is at the edge
laminar Flow
Shortness of breath of the feeling of not getting enough air, which may leave a person gasping
Dyapena
Is the study of generating, propagating, and receiving sound waves
principle of acoustic
unit is used to measure the intensity(strength), amplitude, and power of an ultrasound wave
decibel
Any device that converts energy from one form to another
transducer
____ array has a large diameter with multiple rings of focus
annular array
Rate at which images are updated in the display; dependent on transducer frequency and depth selection
frame rate
Analysis of the entire frequency spectrum
spectral analysis
1000 HZ
Kilohertz
a limit when technical artifacts that occur when the frequency change is so great that it exceeds the sampling vie
Nyquist
Spontaneous breathing that stops for any reason; it may be temporary, starting and stopping at intervals, or prolonged
apena
Exists when systolic pressure is above 140mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90mmHg
Isolated systolic Hypertension
Region over which lateral resolution is at its most accurate
Focal zone
Ability of the system to accurately depict motion
temporal resolution
___ array activates a limited group of adjacent elements to generate each pulse
linear
Represents a national movement to recapture the respect and good will of the American public
Patient focused care
Reduction in amplitude and intensity of a sound wave as it propagates through a medium
attenuation
Process of inhaling and exhaling air
respiration
Surface forming the boundary between media having different properties
interface
Contact with or bites from an insect or animal are a type of ____ transmission
Vector
The angle that the reflector path makes with the ultrasound beam is the ___
Doppler angle
Surgical procedure to create an opening to allow passage of contents of the urinary bladder or bowel through the abdominal wall
ostomy
___ and ___ of the medium determined how fast sound waves will travel through it
Stiffness, density
The practice of giving liquid substances directly into a vein
intervenous therapy
The higher number is the ____ pressure, which occurs when the ventricles contract to pump blood to the body.
styolic
___ supplies electrical signals to the transducer for producing a sound beam
Transmitter
Determines the strength of the pulse transmitted into the body
Output
Basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risk of infection spread through these transmission modes: airborne infection, droplet infection, and contact infection
Standard precaution
Refers to the minimum distance between two structures positioned along the axis of the beam where both structures can be visualized as separate objects
axial
A national standard created to protect individuals’ medical records and other personal health information
HIPPA
____ mode displays time and movement, especially in cardiac structures
motion/M mode
___ imaging provides a dynamic presentation of multiple image frames per second over selected areas of the body
real time
Refers to the correct muscles to complete a task safely, efficiently, and without undue strain on any joints or muscles
Body mechanic
B mode scanning technique that permits the brightness of the B-mode dots to be displayed in various shades of gray to represent different echo amplitudes
Gray scale
Hospital acquired infection
nosocomial infection
1,000,000Hz
Megahertz/Mkhz
Amount of change in the returning frequency compared with the transmitting frequency when the sound wave hits a moving target such as blood in an artery
Doppler shift
Ability of the transducer to distinguish between two structures adjacent to one another
resolution
Sample site from which the signal is obtained with pulsed Doppler
gate
One of the most common arrhythmia _____
trachyacardia/bradycardia
Ultrasound is defined as sound frequencies beyond the upper limits of human hearing that is, greater than ____
20 khz
List three qualities of a good sonographer
- posses intellectual curiosity and performance
- must have technical aptitude
- able to communicate on different levels
Sound is the result of mechanical energy that produces altering ____ and ____ of conducting medium as it travels as a wave
compression, rarefaction
A transducer converts ____ energy into ____ energy
electrical, mechanical
The time required to produce each cycle depends of the ____ of the transducer
frequency
Normal transmission of sound through soft tissue travels at ____ m/sec
1540 m/sec
Lateral resolution is determined by _____
beam width
If the gain is set too ____ , artifactual echo noise will e displayed throughout the image
high
When the Nyquist limit is exceeded, an artifact called ____ occurs
aliasing
Lifting should be done using the ___ muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth
motion.
leg
The most important weapon against the spread of infection is proper___
hand washing
Name 4 airborne disease:
TB, measles, chicken pox, shingles
Name the 6 droplet disease:
mumps, measles, whooping cough, pneumonia, meningitis, strep throat
Name one of the most serious of contact diseases
MRSA
When transferring patients with IVs, sonographers should
never lower IV bag below level of needle insertion
