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Intro to sonography > Intro to sono Test 1 > Flashcards

Intro to sono Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Changes in the direction of propagation of a sound wave transmitted across an interface where the speed of sound varies

A

Refraction

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2
Q

Sound transmitted and received intermittently with one transducer

A

Pulse wave doppler

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3
Q

An easy and effective way to measure heart rate, recorded as beats per minute(bpm)

A

pulse

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4
Q

The amount of time the piezoelectric element vibrates after electrical stimulation

A

pulse duration

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5
Q

Ability to compensate for attenuation of the transmittal beam as sound wave travels through tissue in the body

A

time gain compensation

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6
Q

Convenient, noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood

A

oximetry

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7
Q

Speed of the ultrasound wave; caused by motion between the reflector and the transducer’s beam

A

velocity

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8
Q

Refers to observable and measurable signs of life

A

Vital signs

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9
Q

Special material in the transducer that has the ability to convert electrical impulses into sound waves

A

crystal

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10
Q

Minimum distance between two objects located side by side at which they can be displayed as separate objects

A

Lateral resolution

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11
Q

One transducer continuously transmits sound, and receives sound, used in high velocity flow patterns

A

continuous wave Doppler

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12
Q

Device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils

A

nasal cannula

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13
Q

Change in frequency of a reflected wave; caused by motion between the reflector and the transducer’s beam

A

frequency shift

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14
Q

The product of the velocity of sound in a medium and the density of that medium

A

acoustic impedance

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15
Q

Unit of frequency; equal to 1 cycle per second

A

hertz

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16
Q

Normal pattern of vessel flow; flow in the center of the vessel is faster than it is at the edge

A

laminar Flow

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17
Q

Shortness of breath of the feeling of not getting enough air, which may leave a person gasping

A

Dyapena

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18
Q

Is the study of generating, propagating, and receiving sound waves

A

principle of acoustic

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19
Q

unit is used to measure the intensity(strength), amplitude, and power of an ultrasound wave

A

decibel

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20
Q

Any device that converts energy from one form to another

A

transducer

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21
Q

____ array has a large diameter with multiple rings of focus

A

annular array

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22
Q

Rate at which images are updated in the display; dependent on transducer frequency and depth selection

A

frame rate

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23
Q

Analysis of the entire frequency spectrum

A

spectral analysis

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24
Q

1000 HZ

A

Kilohertz

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25
Q

a limit when technical artifacts that occur when the frequency change is so great that it exceeds the sampling vie

A

Nyquist

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26
Q

Spontaneous breathing that stops for any reason; it may be temporary, starting and stopping at intervals, or prolonged

A

apena

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27
Q

Exists when systolic pressure is above 140mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90mmHg

A

Isolated systolic Hypertension

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28
Q

Region over which lateral resolution is at its most accurate

A

Focal zone

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29
Q

Ability of the system to accurately depict motion

A

temporal resolution

30
Q

___ array activates a limited group of adjacent elements to generate each pulse

A

linear

31
Q

Represents a national movement to recapture the respect and good will of the American public

A

Patient focused care

32
Q

Reduction in amplitude and intensity of a sound wave as it propagates through a medium

A

attenuation

33
Q

Process of inhaling and exhaling air

A

respiration

34
Q

Surface forming the boundary between media having different properties

A

interface

35
Q

Contact with or bites from an insect or animal are a type of ____ transmission

A

Vector

36
Q

The angle that the reflector path makes with the ultrasound beam is the ___

A

Doppler angle

37
Q

Surgical procedure to create an opening to allow passage of contents of the urinary bladder or bowel through the abdominal wall

A

ostomy

38
Q

___ and ___ of the medium determined how fast sound waves will travel through it

A

Stiffness, density

39
Q

The practice of giving liquid substances directly into a vein

A

intervenous therapy

40
Q

The higher number is the ____ pressure, which occurs when the ventricles contract to pump blood to the body.

A

styolic

41
Q

___ supplies electrical signals to the transducer for producing a sound beam

A

Transmitter

42
Q

Determines the strength of the pulse transmitted into the body

A

Output

43
Q

Basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risk of infection spread through these transmission modes: airborne infection, droplet infection, and contact infection

A

Standard precaution

44
Q

Refers to the minimum distance between two structures positioned along the axis of the beam where both structures can be visualized as separate objects

A

axial

45
Q

A national standard created to protect individuals’ medical records and other personal health information

A

HIPPA

46
Q

____ mode displays time and movement, especially in cardiac structures

A

motion/M mode

47
Q

___ imaging provides a dynamic presentation of multiple image frames per second over selected areas of the body

A

real time

48
Q

Refers to the correct muscles to complete a task safely, efficiently, and without undue strain on any joints or muscles

A

Body mechanic

49
Q

B mode scanning technique that permits the brightness of the B-mode dots to be displayed in various shades of gray to represent different echo amplitudes

A

Gray scale

50
Q

Hospital acquired infection

A

nosocomial infection

51
Q

1,000,000Hz

A

Megahertz/Mkhz

52
Q

Amount of change in the returning frequency compared with the transmitting frequency when the sound wave hits a moving target such as blood in an artery

A

Doppler shift

53
Q

Ability of the transducer to distinguish between two structures adjacent to one another

A

resolution

54
Q

Sample site from which the signal is obtained with pulsed Doppler

A

gate

55
Q

One of the most common arrhythmia _____

A

trachyacardia/bradycardia

56
Q

Ultrasound is defined as sound frequencies beyond the upper limits of human hearing that is, greater than ____

A

20 khz

57
Q

List three qualities of a good sonographer

A
  1. posses intellectual curiosity and performance
  2. must have technical aptitude
  3. able to communicate on different levels
58
Q

Sound is the result of mechanical energy that produces altering ____ and ____ of conducting medium as it travels as a wave

A

compression, rarefaction

59
Q

A transducer converts ____ energy into ____ energy

A

electrical, mechanical

60
Q

The time required to produce each cycle depends of the ____ of the transducer

A

frequency

61
Q

Normal transmission of sound through soft tissue travels at ____ m/sec

A

1540 m/sec

62
Q

Lateral resolution is determined by _____

A

beam width

63
Q

If the gain is set too ____ , artifactual echo noise will e displayed throughout the image

A

high

64
Q

When the Nyquist limit is exceeded, an artifact called ____ occurs

A

aliasing

65
Q

Lifting should be done using the ___ muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth
motion.

A

leg

66
Q

The most important weapon against the spread of infection is proper___

A

hand washing

67
Q

Name 4 airborne disease:

A

TB, measles, chicken pox, shingles

68
Q

Name the 6 droplet disease:

A

mumps, measles, whooping cough, pneumonia, meningitis, strep throat

69
Q

Name one of the most serious of contact diseases

A

MRSA

70
Q

When transferring patients with IVs, sonographers should

A

never lower IV bag below level of needle insertion

Intro to sonography (11 decks)

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