Chapter 3 Flashcards
patient-focused care (PFC)
Represents a national movement to recapture the respect and good will of the American public
vital signs
Refers to observable and measurable signs of life
pulse
An easy and effective way to measure heart rate; recorded as beats per minute
nasal cannula
Device for delivering oxygen by way of two small tubes inserted into the nostrils
bradycardia
Heart rate of less than 60 bpm arising from disease in the heart’s electrical conduction system
oximetry
Convenient, noninvasive method of monitoring oxygen levels in the blood
respiration
Process of inhaling and exhaling
dyspnea
Shortness of breath or feeling of not getting enough air
apnea
Spontaneous breathing that stops for any reason; it may be temporary starting and stopping at intervals, or prolonged
ostomy
Surgical procedure to create an opening to allow passage of contents of the urinary bladder or bowel through the abdominal wall
isolated systolic hypertension
Exist when systolic pressure is above 140mmHg, while diastolic pressure remains below 90mmHg
pulse pressure
Difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressures
intravenous (IV) therapy
The practice of giving liquid substances directly into a vein
body mechanics
Refer to using the correct muscle to complete a task safely
standard precautions
Basic infection control guidelines used to reduce the risk of infection spread through these transmission modes: airborne infection,droplet infection, and contact infection
nosocomial infection
Hospital-acquired infection
What is the most important facet of being a sonographer?
That the patient is the primary focus of our effort
Despite your personal or philosophical concerns, you must be considerate of the patient’s _____, _____, _____, and _____>
age, cultural traditions, personal values, and lifestyle
Example of vital signs include _____, _____, and _____.
pulse, respiratory rate, blood pressure, body temperature
Strenuous exercise, coronary artery disease, and electrolyte imbalance in the blood can cause _____.
arrhythmia s
When pulse is taken, which artery is usually palpated?
radial
A normal pulse oximetry reading for aperson breathing room air is?
in the high 90s (95% or more)
As blood travels away from the heart, the pressure of the circulation blood _____, spreading through arteries and capillaries and back toward the heart through the veins.
decreases
The primary function of respiration is to obtain oxygen for the use by the body’s cells and to eliminate the cell’s production of _____.
carbon dioxide
In measuring blood pressure, the higher number is the ____ pressure which occurs when the ventricles contract to pump blood to the body; the lower number is the ____ pressure, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filling with blood.
systolic, diastolic
Normal respiration occurs at a rate of 15 to ___ breaths per minute
20
Describe the finding when a patient has an infiltrated IV tubing
If the needle is accidenrally dislodged, the IV fluid may enter the surrounding tissue rather than the vein. The patient may complain of discomfort, and you may observe swelling (edema) of the tissue around the injection site. Clamp off the flow, and notify the nursing staff for instructions and to determine if you should continue the study.
What is the purpose of an NG tube?
NG or nasogastric tube is placed through the mouth and esophagus into the stomach to drain the gastric contents.
When catheterized patients are transferred from wheel chair or stretcher to the scanning table, in what position should the collecting bag be placed?
The bag should be placed low enough to permit adequate draining of the bladder.
What should be used to clean the transducer?
After seeing each patient, thoroughly clean the transducer with the steriseptic cleaner
Lifting should be done using the ____ muscles, by lifting straight upward in one smooth motion.
leg
The most important weapon against the spread of infection is proper _____.
Hand washing
You should wash your hand whenever you come in contact with these five substances:
- blood 2. all body fluids (secretions, excretions, and contaminated items. 3. broken skin 4. mucous membranes (nose, mouth, eyelid) 5.dried blood or dried bloody fluid
Is it acceptable to not wash your hand if gloves were used?
No wash your hands after touching blood fluids, or contaminated items-weather or not gloves are use or not
When should a mask be worn?
Wear a mask,eye protection, and face shield whenever performing procedures likely to generate splashes or sprays of blood, body fluids, secretions, and excretions
Name 4 airborne diseases
Disease spread by airborne transmission include tuberculosis, measles, chicken pox, shingles
Name six droplet diseases
Mumps, measles (rubella), whooping cough(pertussis), pneumonia, meningitis (specific forms), strep throat
Name one of the most serious of the contact diseases
MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria that lives on the skin and nasal passages of a third of the worlds population and are resistant to certain broad spectrum antibiotics
List three rights that patients have in the medical setting
- be treated with respect
- make treatment choices
- refuse treatment
- obtain there medical records
- privacy of their medical records
- informed consent
- make decisions about end of life care
List three responsibilities that the patient has
-maintain healthy habits
-be respectful to healthcare providers
-be honest with healthcare providers
-comply with treatment
-prepare for emergencies
-
What is HIPPA?
Health portaibility and accountability act of 1996 Privacy, Security, and administrative simplification
What does HIPPA mean for sonographer?
-Putting patients information away after hours
-Taking files out of sight of any lingering staff
-Conversations are not over heard by other patients
-
