intro to shariah

Question 1

what word is shariah derived from?

Answer 1

shin ra’ayn

Question 2

what is the literal meaning of shariah?

Answer 2

the road to the watering place OR the straight path too be followed

Question 3

what is the technical meaning of shariah?

Answer 3

the islamic teaching and system of the revealed to the prophet recorded in the Quran and sunnah

Question 4

how many types of shariah are there? what are they called?

Answer 4

3. Ahkam al i’tiqadiyyah, ahkam al akrhlaqiyyah and ahkam al amaliyyah

Question 5

explain Ahkam al itiqadiyyah.

Answer 5

sanctions related to belief

Question 6

explain ahkam al akhlaqiyyah

Answer 6

sanctions related to moral and ethics

Question 7

explain akham al amaliyyah.

Answer 7

sanctions relating to sayings and doings of individual and their relationships with others aka Fiqh

Question 8

what is the root word of fiqh?

Answer 8

fa qa ha (means comprehension /true understanding)

Question 9

how many sources of fiqh? and what are they?

Answer 9

4. Quran, Sunnah, ijma and qias

Question 10

difference between shariah and fiqh?

Answer 10

shariah 
-divine revelation
- wider circle
- legal injunctions found in Quran and sunnah
- concerns all three akham
fiqh
- activities focused on understanding and studying the revelation 
- fiqh is under shariah 
- only concerns akham al amaliyyah
- focuses on the power of reasoning

Question 11

fiqh rulings concern?

Answer 11

actions of a person

Question 12

how many categories are there of fiqh ruling? what are they?

Answer 12

5. fardu, sunnah, mubah, makhruh and haram

Question 13

how many types of fardu? what are they?

Answer 13

2. fardu ain and fardu kifayah

Question 14

how many types of sunnah? what are they?

Answer 14

2. sunnah mu akkadah and sunnah ghayr al muakkadah

Question 15

what is sunnah muakkadah?

Answer 15

performed regularly by the prophet and highly recommended for muslims to emulate. MANDUB (recommended)

Question 16

what is sunnah ghayr muakkadah?

Answer 16

the prophet often did but omitted without excuse. MUSTAHAB (praiseworthy)

Question 17

what are the two types of makhruh?

Answer 17

makhruh tanzihi (not that bad) and makhruh tahrimi (almost haram)

Question 18

explain mubah.

Answer 18

basically halal

Question 19

usul fiqh, its been divided into two. Explain.

Answer 19

1. furu
   - literal meaning= branches of law
   - deals with ahkam (injunctions)
   - result of usul
2. usul
   - literal meaning= roots/foundation
   - how rules of fiqh have been deduced from their sources

Question 20

ijtihad (method of reasoning) refers to?

Answer 20

• qias
• istihsan
• istislah
• istishab
• urf
• amal Ahl al Madinah
• addal-dhara’i