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GEOLOGY > Intro to rocks > Flashcards

Intro to rocks Flashcards

1.10-1.14

1
Q

rock defintion

A

a coherent naturally occurring solid that’s consists of an aggregate of minerals or less commonly a body of glass

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2
Q

define coherent

A

holds together on its own and must be broken in order to separate into smaller pieces

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3
Q

do unnatached mineral grains consitute a rock

A

no

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4
Q

Two main types of rocks

A

crystalline and clastic

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5
Q

crystalline rock are

A

rocks whose grains interlock with one another like a puzzle

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6
Q

granite (clast or cryst)

A

crystalline

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7
Q

crystalline rocks grew

A

when an igneous melt solidified

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8
Q

clastic rocks are

A

rocks that consist of separate grains that have been cemented together

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9
Q

natural cement is composed of

A

minerals that have precipitated from water

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10
Q

sandstone (clast or cryst)

A

clastic

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11
Q

Grain vs crystal are _ when talking about rocks

A

interchangable

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12
Q

grain defintion

A

mineral crystal in a rock or a fragment that has broken of either another rock or larger piece of mineral and has since almagamated forming another rock

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13
Q

we will use the term crystal only when

A

referring to a piece of a single mineral that displays faces

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14
Q

glass rock example

A

obsidian

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15
Q

glass rock

A

either originated as a continuos mass or formed through the welding together of individual glass grains when they where still hot

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16
Q

Three rock study scales

A

Hand sample
outcrop
thin section

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17
Q

Hand sample

A

medium scale
what we do in labs

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18
Q

outcrop

A

large scale
identifies basic rock types

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19
Q

thin section

A

petrographic microscope
used to identify compostion

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20
Q

High tech equipment is

A

more accurate but expensive

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21
Q

2 forms of surface rocks

A

fragmented chunks
bedrock

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22
Q

broken chunks or fragments are

A

pebbles cobbles or boulders
“clasts”
broken off bedrock by wind water ice or gravity
can be transported from source

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23
Q

bedrock is

A

attached to the earths crust
surface exposure is outcrop
good for building on

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24
Q

3 PRIMARY TYPES OF ROCKS

A

igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

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25
Q

igneous rocks form from

A

molten material

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26
Q

two types of igneous (where they cooled) also third type

A

extrusive
intrusive
volcanic debris

27
Q

igneous etymology

A

latin ignis for fire

28
Q

sedimentary rocks are

A

loose classes that were broken off pre existing rock

or by the precipitation of mineral crystals in water

always formed at or near earths surface

29
Q

sedimentary rocks contain layers that

A

represent different periods of deposition and leave a detailed record of surface history

30
Q

metamorphic rocks from when

A

pre existing rocks change character in specific temperature pressure conditions

31
Q

metamorphic rocks can form from

A

sedimentary or igneous rocks

32
Q

metamorphic rocks form in what conditions

A

high temperature and pressure at extreme depth while still in solid state

33
Q

metamorphic rocks undergo chemical changes through

A

dissolution

34
Q

physical changes in metamorphic rocks include

A

squashing, stretching, or sheering

35
Q

define protolith

A

parent of a metamorphic rock

36
Q

upper temp limit to form metamorphic rocks

A

rock can not melt

37
Q

grades of metamorphic rock ranges from

A

high to low

38
Q

grains come in a wide range of

A

sizes

39
Q

equant grains are

A

same dimension in all directions (roughly ball shaped, but still could be angular)

40
Q

inequant grains are

A

not the same in all directions (look like poop)

41
Q

a grain can be a crystal or a

A

clast

42
Q

composition refers to

A

the proportions of different chemicals that make up a rock

43
Q

chemical composition alone

A

does not control the assemblage of minerals in a rock

44
Q

texture refers to

A

the configuration of grains in a rock

45
Q

texture relies on

A

composition and grain shape

46
Q

igneous textures include

A

crystalline, fragmental, glassy

47
Q

layers in sedimentary rocks is

A

bedding

48
Q

layers in metamorhpic rocks is

A

foliation

49
Q

bedding is

A

separate layers of deposition over time

50
Q

foliation is

A

the arrangement of minerals in the rock brought on by physical and chemical changes

51
Q

the rock cycle is

A

the progressive transformation of earth materials from one rock type to another over time

52
Q

sedimentary goes to metamorphic through

A

burial and heating

53
Q

metamorphic goes to igneous by

A

melting

54
Q

igneous goes to sedimentary by

A

erosion transportation and deposition

55
Q

sedimentary goes to igneous by

A

heating and melting

56
Q

metamorphic goes to sedimentary by

A

erosion ,transportation and deposition

57
Q

igneous goes to metamorphic by

A

burial and or heating

58
Q

sedimentary goes to sedimentary by

A

erosion, transportation and redeposition

59
Q

metamorphic goes to metamorphic by

A

burial heating and remetamorphism

60
Q

igneous got to igneous by

A

heating and remelting

61
Q

new melt enters crust from the

A

mantle

62
Q

material returns to the mantle by

A

subduction

63
Q
A

GEOLOGY (12 decks)

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