Intro to Radiologic Diagnosis Flashcards by Abigail Cook

localized means?

confined to one location

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multifocal means?

in multiple isolated location

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generalized means

throughout the jaws or bone

usually associated with metabolic or endocrine

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epicenter means?

tissue of origin
- assuming it grew equally in every direction

*lesions have a tendency to be found in certain locations

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a central lesion usually arises within?

bone

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epicenter when coronal to a tooth

odontogenic EPITHELIUM

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epicenter when above the IAC

ODONTOGENIC tissue

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epicenter when below the IAC

non-odontogenic

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epicenter when within the IAC

neural or vascular

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epicenter when in condylar region

cartilagenous lesions and osteochondromas

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epicenter when in maxillary antrum

non- odontogenic

- maybe like a pseudocyste

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epicenter when in alveolar process of maxilla

odontogenic

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arising in sinus? what will border look like

usuaully if within sinus - sinus border still intact - not something coming into it

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localization of central giant cell granulomas?

demographics?

MORE ANTERIOR IN THE MANDIBLE - like anterior to the first molar (over maxilla)

anterior to the cuspids in the maxilla

alot of people describe this lesion as ‘crossing the midline’ as it occurs more anteiror

also more likely to occur in younger pt’s

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multi-focal vs generalized

generalized will effect all the bone everywhere where multifocal will be bad in a few major spots

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which lesions tend to be multifocal (6 examples)

osseous dysplasia
basal cell nevus
cherubism
metastic lesions
multiple myeloma
leukemic infiltrates

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well - defined lesions tend to be?

BENIGN

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ill-defined lesions
describe
tend to be?

difficult to delineate the border of the lesion

tend to be malignan or inflammatory

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define corticated and implication on type of lesion

describing the periphery (usually in well-defined)
Corticated is a thin radio-opaque line surrounding the lesion

this is a small region of ACTIVE BONE FORMATION – the body is trying wall off the offending entity with bone

so means it is a slow growing lesion if rate of bone formation is able to keep up with it – so usually means it is benign

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cortication usually associated with?

cysts and benign tumors

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punched out think?

mutliple myeloma

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four major well-defined periphery descriptions

corticated
punched out
sclerotic
soft tissue capsule

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define punched out

sharp boundary but NO adio-opaque border

surrounding bone appears normal

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describe sclerotic

associated with well - defined

THICKER THAN CORTICATED – so radio-opaque border of REACTIVE BONE

indicates slow growth, potential of the lesion to stimulate production of bone

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think what when see/ mention of sclerotic?

inflammatory -- CHRONIC STAGE

soft-tissue capsule

associated with well-defined border and has a RADIO-LUCENT line at the periphery usually indicated a benign tumor like odontoma or cementoblastoma

ill-defined periphery broken down to think what?

blending and invasive think MALIGNANCY

general description of ill-defined

means bone destruciton is occuring more rapidly seems to spread through the marrow space, thinning the trabecular pattern and enlarging the marrow follows path of least resistance

blending?

ill-defined! gradual transition between adjacent normal and abnormal bone focuses on trabecule not marrow

does blending indicate malignancy since ill-defined

no -

invasive? | focus on?

area of few or no trabeculae focus on marow spaces creating finger-like projections rapid growth malignancy

is punched out corticated or non

non-corticated | usually WD, multi-focal

size importance?

honeslty not the most helpful one but can be helpful with differentiating

which things tend to get large in size?

ameloblastoma and ossyfying fibroma

synonyms for circular shape

circular/round/ovoid/ HYDRAULIC/CYSTIC

hydraulic shape indicates

a cyst | - although benign tumors can appear similar

scalloping? describing?

shape -- kinda outline like scalloping between roots of teeth

scalloping a lot of the times associated with which lesions?

KOT and SBC's (simple bone cysts)

irregular mean malignant?

no - its not very desciptive term and depends on how it looks

internal structure usually descriptions | modaility for each?

hypo or hyper dense --> CBCT radio-lucent (dark) vs radio-opaque (light)--> typical radiogrpahs

hypo or hyper dense depends on? example

depends on what you are comparing it to | air and fluid appear more hypo dense but when comparing to each other fluid is hyper dense compared to the air

descriptions of abnormal trabecular patterns

internal - mixed appearance 'orange peel' 'ground glass' can have different number, length, width and orientation stimulation of new bone foramtion, thick trabeculation

internal septation most seen with?

benign tumors

describe internal septation

strands of bone can divide lesion into compartments- multinocular can be curved or straight, corase o fine

soap bubble think

ameloblastoma

straight septation think

myxoma

dystorphic calcification can occur in?

ANY LONG STANDING LESION - most often in cysts

describe dystrophic clacification

occurs in damaged soft tissue -- any long standing lesion - can look like cauliflower lymph node, chronically inflammed cyst - most often in cysts

most important aspect when determining malignant or benign

look at PERIPHERY - ill-defined vs well defined well-defined majority will be benign

describe amorphous bone

internal - mixed situation - another osseous dysplasia homogenous, dense amorphous structure - not really a trabecular pattern

internal tooth structure looks

like an ill-formed tooth can see the enamel, dentin and pulp like odontoma

BASIC description of cysts

well-defined and more radiolucent than opaque

BASIC description of benign tumors

WD and more radiolucent than opaque

T/F inflammatory can be RO or RL

True - depending on stage usually chronic/ sclerotic stage - more opaque

effects on other structures infers its?

BEHAVIOR

tumor or cyst more likely to bodily displace a tooth

benign tumor over cyst

general affect of inflammatory on other structures

can stimulate bone resorption or formation | - why you see mixed

general affect of cyst or benign tumor on other structures

more space occupying and slow growing lesions which can displace structures

general affect of malignancy on other structures

faster-growing, more destructive lesions resorb bone but leave teeth

cherubism sign

displacing posterior teeth more anteriorly - strong sign

what usually will apically displace something

follicular cyst ot odontomas

what usually will superiorly displace something

lymphoma, leukemia, langerhan's think of the three L's

typical resorption pattern of benign lesion

straight, flat or curved more likely to cause tooth resorption

tooth resorption seen with?

slow-growing, chronic conditions chronic inflammation more commonly benign but malignant on occasion

if malignant resorbs roots what is the pattern?

it will resorb from the sides and leave a spindle shape to the root

orthodontic tooth movement effect on structure

uniform with intact lamina dura

widened pdl can be from

if uniform = ortho movement irregular with destruction of lamina dura --> malignancy, quickly grows throughout the pdl space (like a lymphoma)

teeth floating in the air is sign of?

malignancy

if there is superior movement of the inferior alveolar canal this is strongly associated with?

fibrous dysplasia

what causes / stimulates peripheral bone reaction

osteoblastic activity

expanding cortex is usually associated with what type of lesions vs missing outer cortex

slow growing --> expanded rapidly growing lesion --> missing outer cortex

describe what could happen in a periosteal reactoin think of?

exudate from inflammatory lesion lifts periosteum off the surface when it occurs mutiple times, can result in onion-skin appearance is seen most with osteomyeleits and infections think either inflammatory o malignant