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PMod > Intro To Physical Agents > Flashcards

Intro To Physical Agents Flashcards

1
Q

energy and materials applied to patients to assist in their rehabilitation.

A

Physical Agents

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2
Q

Physical Agents include

A

heat, cold, water, pressure, sound, electromagnetic radiation, and electrical currents.

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3
Q

Categories of Physical Agents

A

Thermal, mechanical, Electromagnetic

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4
Q

Thermal agents include

A

superficial-heating agents, deep-heating agents, and superficial-cooling agents

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5
Q

Mechanical agents include

A

traction, compression, water, and sound.

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6
Q

Electromagnetic agents include

A

electromagnetic fields and electrical currents.

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7
Q

Physical Agents aka

A

Therapeutic Modalities
Physical Modalities
Biophysical Agents
Electrophysical Agents

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8
Q

Represent the admiration of thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, and light energies for a specific therapeutic effect

A

Physical Agents

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9
Q

Represent a group of interventions that are adjunctive components of a more comprehensive therapy plan

A

Physical Agents

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10
Q

Clinical application of physical agents

A

Modulation of pain
Alteration of muscle activation
Decreasing inflammation and facilitating tissue healing
Increasing tissue extensibility

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11
Q

common chief complaint

A

Pain

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12
Q

Goals in pain modulation

A

Increasing blood flow
Decreasing swelling
Reducing compression

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13
Q

Discomfort/ protective signal
Unpleasant sensation
Reliable indication of the location of the injury

A

Pain

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14
Q

a-delta fibers neurons

A

Unipolar at DRG

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15
Q

c fibers neurons

A

Unipolar at DRG

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16
Q

a-delta diameter

A

small

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17
Q

c fibers diameter

A

smallest

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18
Q

a-delta fibers myelination

A

myelinated

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19
Q

c fibers myelination

A

unmyelinated

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20
Q

a delta fibers transmission of action potential

A

30 m/s

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21
Q

c fibers transmission of action potential

A

1-4 m/s

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22
Q

a-delta fibers pain transmitted

A

sharp, stabbing, pricking

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23
Q

c fibers pain transmitted

A

dull, throbbing, aching, burning

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24
Q

a-delta fibers description

A

localized

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25
Q

c fibers description

A

diffusely localized

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26
Q

fibers of Fast acting pain

A

A delta fibers

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27
Q

fibers of Slow acting pain

A

C fibers

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28
Q

Inhibitory to substantia gelatinosa

A

C fibers

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29
Q

Continuous lang yung pain
Throbbing and burning
Diffusely localize

A

C fibers

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30
Q

Facilitatory to the substantia gelatinosa

A

A delta fibers

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31
Q

Sharp, pricking
Could be localized

A

A delta fibers

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32
Q

Pain is modulated by endogenous opioid-like peptides

A

ENDOGENOUS OPIOID SYSTEM

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33
Q

Pain is modulated by endogenous opioid-like peptides called

A

opiopeptins or endorphins

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34
Q

PAIN RELIEF THEORIES

A

GATE CONTROL
ENDOGENOUS OPIOID SYSTEM

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35
Q

ALTERATION OF MUSCLE ACTIVATION

A

FACILITATION
INHIBITION

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36
Q

Depolarization of peripheral n. to recruit more motor units

A

FACILITATION

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37
Q

Decrease motor nerve conduction or synaptic activity
Reduction of pain

A

INHIBITION

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38
Q

Tissue Healing Process

A

Inflammation
Proliferation
Maturation

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39
Q

Goal during inflammatory phase

A

-Decrease blood flow and metabolic activity to reduce swelling
-Reduction of pain
-Minimize duration and residual effects of inflammatory phase

40
Q

Goal during proliferative phase

A

Enhance blood flow and cellular activity to promote repair of damages tissue

41
Q

Goal during Maturation Phase

A

-Influence maturation and organization of collagen
-Restore functional integrity

42
Q

Inc. tissue extensibility through

A

Heat

43
Q

facilitates elongation and deformation of collagen

A

Heat

44
Q

Types of Physical Modality

A

Thermal, Electromagnetic, Mechanical

45
Q

Agents that increase or decrease tissue temperature

A

Thermal

46
Q

Types of thermal

A

Cold or cryotherapy
Hot Packs

47
Q

Cold or cryotherapy

A

Ice or cold pack
Vapocoolant spray
Cold whirlpool

48
Q

Hot Packs

A

Hot moist
Paraffin wax bath

49
Q

Methods of Heat Energy Transfer

A

Conduction, Convection, Evaporation, Conversion

50
Q

Treatments that transfer heat through Conduction

A

Hot moist pack, Paraffin wax bath, ice/ cold pack

51
Q

Treatments that transfer heat through Convection

A

Cold whirlpool, fluidotherapy

52
Q

Treatments that transfer heat through Evaporation

A

Vapocoolant spray

53
Q

Treatments that transfer heat through Conversion

A

Ultrasound and Diathermy

54
Q

Mechanical to electrical energy

A

Direct Piezoelectric Effect

55
Q

Electric to mechanical

A

Reverse/Converse/Inverse Piezoelectric Effect

56
Q

Agents that apply electrical current or electromagnetic radiation to induce physiological effects

A

Electromagnetic

57
Q

Agents that apply force to inc. or dec. pressure on the body

A

Mechanical

58
Q

Mechanical Intervention

A

Water, Mechanical Traction, Compression, Pressure, Sound

59
Q

Water

A

Hydrotherapy

60
Q

Mechanical Traction

A

Intermittent cervical traction (ICT) or intermittent lumbar traction (ILT)

61
Q

Compression

A

Intermittent pneumatic compression

Used for swelling/edema

62
Q

Pressure

A

Extracorporeal shockwave therapy

63
Q

Sound

A

Ultrasound
Continuous or pulsed mode

Electrical to mechanical
Crystal in ultrasound vibrates = soundwaves = heat

64
Q

Relative contraindications

A

Precaution

65
Q

Conditions or factors in which a pt is at risk of experiencing an adverse event

A

Precautions

66
Q

Proceed with caution

A

Precautions

67
Q

Old age

A

Precautions

68
Q

Impaired Sensation

A

Precautions

69
Q

Pregnancy

A

Precautions

70
Q

Unconcious

A

Precautions

71
Q

Young age

A

Precautions

72
Q

Absolute contraindications

A

contraindications

73
Q

Conditions or factors in which treatment over a specific body region should not be applied

A

contraindications

74
Q

Increased risk of adverse effects

A

contraindications

75
Q

cancer

A

contraindications

76
Q

fever

A

contraindications

77
Q

Electronic implants

A

contraindications

78
Q

Hemorrhagic conditions

A

contraindications

79
Q

Active deep venous thrombosis

A

contraindications

80
Q

Documentation

A

Modality
Body region
Patient position
Parameters (specific to the modality)
Rationale

81
Q

Transfer of energy to a patient to increase
or decrease tissue temperature

A

THERMAL AGENTS

82
Q

Superficial Heating Modalities

A

❑Hot moist packs / HMP (kept in
hydrocollator tank)
❑Paraffin wax bath / PWB
❑Fluidotherapy

83
Q

➢ Deep Heating Modalities

A

❑Ultrasound (US)
❑Diathermy
❑Shortwave Diathermy (SWD)
❑Microwave Diathermy (MWD)

84
Q

Apply energy in the form of
electromagnetic
radiation or an electric
current

A

ELECTROMAGNETIC AGENTS

85
Q

energy is
transmitted by oscillatory motion in the
form of -

A

Electromagnetic Wave

86
Q

__ wavelength → __ frequency of
oscillation

A

Shorter, higher

87
Q

representation
of various wave energies

A

Electromagnetic spectrum

88
Q

energy is
transmitted by oscillatory motion in the
form of ___

A

Electromagnetic Wave

89
Q

Electromagnetic Wave

A

ultraviolet radiation, diathermy,
LASER, infrared radiation

90
Q

use of electrical
current to induce muscle contraction,
changes in sensation, edema reduction and
tissue healing

A

Electrical Stimulation

91
Q

Electrical Stimulation

A

❑Neuromuscular electrical stimulation
❑Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

92
Q

Inflammation Phase Duration

A

4-6 days

93
Q

Proliferation Phase Duration

A

4-24 days

94
Q

Remodeling Phase Duration

A

21 days -2 yrs

95
Q

Inflammation Phase

A

Vasoconstriction - vasodilation - blood clot - phagocytosis

96
Q

Proliferation Phase

A

Epithelialization - fibroplasia - wound contracture - neurovascular

97
Q

Maturation Phase

A

Collagen cytosis - collagen fiber orientation - healed injury

PMod (10 decks)

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