Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PMod > INTRO TO ES > Flashcards

INTRO TO ES Flashcards

1
Q

Measure of the number of free electrons that an atom
has lost or gained

A

Charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Charged particle

A

Ion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Charge unit

A

Coulomb (6.25 x 10^18e-)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Movement of charged particles in a conductor in
response to an applied electric field

A

Current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Opposite the flow of electrons

A

Current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Referred to as intensity or amplitude

A

Current

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Current unit

A

Ampere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Aka electromotive force (emf) or electrical potential
difference

A

Voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Difference between positive and negative
pole

A

Voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Driving force that makes charged particles move

A

Voltage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Voltage unit

A

Volts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Opposition to movement of direct current (DC)

A

Resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Unit of resistance

A

Ohm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ohm’s Law

A

V=IR
I=V/R

-Current is directly proportional (α) to voltage
-Current is indirectly proportional (1/α) to
resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Opposition to movement of alternating current (AC)

A

Impedence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Total frequency-dependent opposition to electric
current flow
o Circuit stimulator (resistive, capacitive,
inductive)
o Skin surface (resistive, capacitive)

A

Impedence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The ease with which a material allows current to flow

A

Conductance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The ease with which a material allows current to flow

A

Conductance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The opposite of resistance

A

Conductance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Unit of conductance

A

Mho, Siemen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ability to store charge using electrostatic field

A

Capacitance

22
Q

Standard unit of capacitance

A

Farad

23
Q

Capacitance=

A

Charge/Voltage

24
Q

Ability to store electrical energy by means of
electromagnetic field

A

Inductance

25
Q

Standard unit of inductance

A

Henry

26
Q

Electrical stimulation

A

Power source → waveform generation and timing
control → output amplifier

27
Q

Means to deliver the current to the target area
(human body)

A

Electrode

28
Q

Anode

A

+

Attracts anions (Cl-)
• Repels cations
• Acidic reaction (HCl)
• Fewer large bubbles of O2
• Red
• Decreased nerve excitability d/t
hyperpolarization
• Indifferent/dispersive electrode
• Sedative
• Hardening of tissue d/t
solidification of protein
(sclerotic)

29
Q

Cathode

A

-

• Attracts cations (Na+)
• Repels anions
• Alkaline (basic) reaction (NaOH)
• Many tiny bubbles of H
• Black
• Increased nerve excitability d/t
depolarization
• Active/stimulating electrode
• Stimulative
• Softening of tissue d/t
liquefaction of protein
(sclerolytic)

30
Q

Techniques to dec skin impedance

A

Hydration
• Mild abrasion (not clinically recommended)
o Rubbing skin of pt
• Tissue warming
o Use of IRR before ES
• Use of high voltage (100 V)
o HVPGC: high voltage pulsed galvanic current
• Use of higher frequency
o IFC: interferential current

31
Q

amount of current flow per unit area

A

Current density

32
Q

High in adipose tissue =

A

higher intensity
needed

33
Q

Orientation ideal for muscle reeducation

A

Longitudinal

34
Q

Orientation ideal for larger muscle

A

Transverse

35
Q

Only one electrode is placed over the target area (the
treatment/stimulating/active electrode/cathode)

A

Monopolar technique

36
Q

Uses of monopolar technique

A

motor point stimulation, dermal ulcers and
wound healing, edema and iontophoresis

37
Q

Both electrodes are placed over the target are (same
size)
• Excitatory responses are perceived under both
electrodes

A

Bipolar technique

38
Q

Uses of bipolar technique

A

muscle disuse atrophy, neuromuscular
facilitation, ROM, limitation, protective muscle
spasm, most circulatory disorders, pain

39
Q

Flow of current through human tissue usually with
adverse effect

A

Electric shock

40
Q

Microshock

A

<1000mA

41
Q

Macroshock

A

> 1000uA

42
Q

Threshold for tingling sensation

A

1mA

43
Q

Cannot release grip on electrical conductor due to
muscle contraction

A

16mA

44
Q

Pain and possible fainting

A

50mA

45
Q

Ventricular fibrillations (heart affectation)

A

100mA-3A

46
Q

Sustained myocardial contraction, temporary
respiratory paralysis and burns

A

6A

47
Q

Faraday’s Law

A

The amount of chemical reaction is directly
proportional to the quantity of electricity
passing through the electrolytic solution

48
Q

Electrochemical effects

A

Polarity forms new chemical compounds
Faraday’s Law

49
Q

Electrophysical/electromagnetic effects

A
  • Ionic movements
  • Action Potential
50
Q

Electrothermal effects

A

Microvibration + friction= heat
Joule’s Law

51
Q

Joule’s Law

A

the amount of heat production (H) is
proportional to the square of the total current (I2), the
resistance (R) and time (t) for which the current flows
o H = 0.24 I2Rt

PMod (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions