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Pharm > intro to pharm review > Flashcards

intro to pharm review Flashcards

1
Q

________________ are the gold standard of medications, must be proven to have the same therapeutic effect on the body no matter who makes it.

A

preferred agents

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2
Q

_________ is the study of what the body does to the drug when administered

A

pharmacokinetics

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3
Q

pharmacokinetics

A

is the study of what the body does to the drug when administered

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4
Q

the extent of absorption

A

bioavailability

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5
Q

bioavailability

A

the extent of absorption

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6
Q

typically less than 100% bioavailability

A

oral medications

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7
Q

oral medications typically have ________ bioavailability

A

less than 100%

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8
Q

IV medications typically have _____ bioavailability

A

100%

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9
Q

typically have 100% bioavailability

A

IV medications

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10
Q

______ – the extent of absorption ( is higher with an IV for example, is typically 100%)

A

bioavailability

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11
Q

______ – time for drug to actually illicit therapeutic response from administration

A

time to onset

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12
Q

______ – time for drug to reach its maximum therapeutic response

A

time to peak effect

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13
Q

_____ –the maximum concentration of the drug in the body after administration

A

peak level

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14
Q

______ – length of time the concentration of the drug in the blood or tissues is sufficient to actually illicit a response

A

duration of action

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15
Q

Movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues

A

absorption

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16
Q

Refers to the transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its intended site of action

A

distribution

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17
Q

if there is good blood supply there will be ______distribution

A

rapid

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18
Q

Most often occurs in the liver, but can happen in the skeletal muscle, kidneys, lungs, plasma and intestinal mucosa.

A

metabolism

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19
Q

______ – phenomenon where drug is metabolized in a certain part of the body and it is reduced by the time that it gets to the intended target site

A

first pass effect

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20
Q

________ is the fraction or %U of a drug that reaches systemic circulation, IV are 100 % bioavailable

A

bioavailability

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21
Q

primary organ of excretion?

A

kidney
(the bowels also excrete, but not as much)

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22
Q

Time required for one-half of a given drug to be removed from the body

A

half life

23
Q

the interactions between the medicine and target cells, body systems, and organs to produce effects

A

pharmacodynamics

24
Q

–through drug receptor interaction, so what happens is a drug molecule joins a reactive site on a cell to produce a response

A

receptor interactions

25
Q

– enzymes are substances that break down almost every biochemical reaction in a cell, drugs can produce effects by interreacting with these enzyme systems by either inhibiting or enhancing the enzyme.

A

enzyme interactions

26
Q

– actually interact with the cell membranes or cellular processes, drugs either physically or structurally interfere cellular processes. example is a cancer drug (pretty harsh)

A

nonselective interactions

27
Q

two solutions mixed together than are ______, when they are mixed they create a precipitate which can cause an embolism, as well as the drugs not working properly

A

incompatible

28
Q

–goes over the hospital to hold the standard of care where it needs to be.

A

the Joint commission (Medicare does this too)

29
Q

– develop standards for nurses, do policy statements and resolutions

A

ANA

30
Q

– promoting patients informed decision making, supporting their informed decision

A

autonomy

31
Q

– doing or actively promoting good, whatever you do is to best help the patient

A

beneficence

32
Q

– respecting privileged information, known when to include or not include family

A

confidentiality

33
Q

– being fair and ethical in your actions

A

justice

34
Q

– avoiding doing deliberate harm

A

nonmaleficence

35
Q

– duty to tell the truth, informed consent

A

veracity

36
Q
  1. Complete all forms including incident report according to facility policy and procedure
  2. Factual information only
  3. Avoid judgmental words
  4. Document changes in patient’s physical or mental status
  5. Document that physician was notified (who, time, follow-up actions/orders)
  6. Ongoing patient monitoring
A

reporting/documenting med error

37
Q

Younger than 38 weeks of gestation is a ?

A

premature

38
Q

Younger than 1 month?

A

neonate

39
Q

1 month up to 1 year

A

infant

40
Q

1 year up to 12 years

A

child

41
Q

Immature Organs
Especially Liver and Kidneys  excretion impaired
Limited medication-metabolizing capacity
Sensitivity of receptor sites vary with age
Skin is thinner

A

neonatal and pediatric patients characteristics that affect dosage

42
Q

Rapidly developing tissues may be more sensitive to drugs
Stomach acid (pH) is less acidic  decreased ability to kill bacteria
Lungs have weaker mucous barriers
Body temp is less well regulated and dehydration occurs easily
less stomach acid
peristalsis is slower

A

neonatal and pediatric patients characteristics that affect dosage

43
Q

What trimester is the highest risk for adverse effects to happen to the fetus?

A

1st trimester

44
Q

Functioning of Organ Systems Declines
Drug Sensitivity is Altered
General Decrease in Body Weight
Malnutrition
Changes in Drug Molecule Receptors
Important to Monitor Liver and Kidney Function Via Labs

A

age considerations for elderly

45
Q

1 gram

A

1000 mg

46
Q

1 mg

A

1000 mcg

47
Q

1 L

A

1000 mL

48
Q

3 teaspoons (tsp)

A

1 Tablespoon (T)

49
Q

1 cc

A

1 mL

50
Q

1 teaspoon (tsp)

A

5 mL

51
Q

1 table spoon (T) = ____ mL

A

15 mL

52
Q

1 kg

A

2.2 lbs

53
Q

1 oz

A

30 mL

54
Q

1 in

A

2.54 cm

Pharm (14 decks)

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