Intro to pcol Flashcards
It is the study of substances that interact with
living systems through chemical processes.
Occurs by binding of substances to regulatory
molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes.
Pharmacology
It is the science of substances used to prevent,
diagnose and treat diseases.
Medical Pharmacology
Branch of Pharmacology that deals with the
undesirable effects of chemicals on living
systems, from individual cells to humans to
complex ecosystem.
Toxicology
It refers to the effects of chemicals on all
organism and their survival in groups and as a
species
Environmental Toxicology
It focuses on the Familial-induced hepatic drug
reaction where affected individuals show an
abnormal adverse response to a class of drug.
Pharmacogenetics
It refers to the relation of an individual’s genetic
make up to his/her response to specific drugs.
It also refers to the difference of individuals with
their response to therapeutic drugs that can be
predicted from their genetic make-up.
Pharmacogenomics
It is concerned with the variability of drug effects
between individuals and at a population level.
Pharmacoepidemiology
Is the branch of economics that aims to quantify
in economic terms the cost and benefit of drugs
that are used therapeutically.
Pharmacoeconomics
T or F
All substances under certain circumstances can
be toxic
True.
T or F
The chemicals in botanicals whether herbs or
plant extracts are no different from chemicals in
manufactured drugs except for much greater
portion of impurities in manufactured drugs.
False
T or F
All dietary supplements and therapies promoted
as health-enhancing should meet the same
standards of efficacy and safety as conventional
drugs and medical therapies.
True
defined as any substance that brings about a
change in biologic function through its chemical actions.
Drug
Many drugs found in nature are
alkaloids
Most of the drugs would have a molecular
weight between
100 MW – 1000 MW
MW of Li ion
7
This also determines the ability of the
drugs to pass the blood brain barrier as
well as the placental barrier.
Drug size
Drugs interact with receptors by means
of
chemical forces or bonds.
strongest and
irreversible bond
covalent
more common but
weaker than covalent
bond.
Electrostatic
weakest and important in the interactions of highly lipid-soluble drugs with lipids of cell membranes.
Hydrophobic
Complementary to the of the receptor site
in the same way that the key is
complementary to that of the receptor
site.
Drug shape
Carvedilol has how many isomers?
2
Action (or effect) of the drug to
the body
Pharmacodynamics
It describes the effect of the body
to the drugs
Pharmacokinetics
A drug that would activate the receptor
Agonist
Competes with or prevent the binding of
the molecule
Antagonist
It binds to the different receptors other
than the agonist.
Allosteric Agonist
It binds to the different receptors other
than the antagonist.
Allosteric Antagonist
Selective (to avoid constant activation)
and changes its function upon binding
that the function of the biologic system is
altered
Receptors
Diphenhydramine is highly selective to
__ receptor and Ranitidine highly
selective to __ receptor.
H1;H2
site which is a non-regulatory
molecule such as albumin that would
result in no detectable change in the
function of the biologic system.
Inert Binding Sites
activate receptor systems to the
maximum event of which the system is capable
Full agonist
bind to the same receptors and
activate them in the same way but do not evoke
great a response, no matter how high the
concentration
Partial agonist
drug will reduce constitutive
activity, resulting in effects that are opposite of the
effects produced by the conventional agonist at
the receptor.
Inverse agonist
T or F
In the case of drugs that bind covalently to the
receptor site, the effect may persist until the drug-receptor complex is destroyed and new receptors
or enzymes are synthesized
True
o Route of administration
o entrance of drugs remote to the site of
target tissue or organ
Absorption
Determinants of distribution:
Size of the organ, blood flow, solubility, binding
Mechanism of
Activation or Termination of Drug Action
Metabolism
-termination of drugs before
excretion as they are
metabolized to biologically
inactive metabolites
a process wherein drugs continue to act until they are
excreted
Drug Elimination without Metabolism
Most of the metabolism occurs in the
liver with the help of _______
enzyme.
cytochrome P450
T or F
Elimination is a process similar to excretion
False
For most drugs and their metabolites,
excretion is primarily by way of the
_____
kidney
are secreted primarily by the
lungs.
Volatile anesthetic gases
rate of elimination is
proportional to the concentration.
First Order Elimination
rate of elimination is
constant regardless of concentration.
Zero Order Elimination
T or F
In Zero Order Elimination, concentration of drugs in plasma increases in linear fashion over time
False
T or F
Si Quen ay ubod ng ganda
True
