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PHARMACOLOGY > Intro to pcol > Flashcards

Intro to pcol Flashcards

1
Q

It is the study of substances that interact with
living systems through chemical processes.

Occurs by binding of substances to regulatory
molecules and activating or inhibiting normal body processes.

A

Pharmacology

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2
Q

It is the science of substances used to prevent,

diagnose and treat diseases.

A

Medical Pharmacology

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3
Q

Branch of Pharmacology that deals with the
undesirable effects of chemicals on living
systems, from individual cells to humans to
complex ecosystem.

A

Toxicology

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4
Q

It refers to the effects of chemicals on all
organism and their survival in groups and as a
species

A

Environmental Toxicology

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5
Q

It focuses on the Familial-induced hepatic drug
reaction where affected individuals show an
abnormal adverse response to a class of drug.

A

Pharmacogenetics

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6
Q

It refers to the relation of an individual’s genetic
make up to his/her response to specific drugs.

It also refers to the difference of individuals with
their response to therapeutic drugs that can be
predicted from their genetic make-up.

A

Pharmacogenomics

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7
Q

It is concerned with the variability of drug effects

between individuals and at a population level.

A

Pharmacoepidemiology

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8
Q

Is the branch of economics that aims to quantify
in economic terms the cost and benefit of drugs
that are used therapeutically.

A

Pharmacoeconomics

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9
Q

T or F
All substances under certain circumstances can
be toxic

A

True.

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10
Q

T or F
The chemicals in botanicals whether herbs or
plant extracts are no different from chemicals in
manufactured drugs except for much greater
portion of impurities in manufactured drugs.

A

False

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11
Q

T or F
All dietary supplements and therapies promoted
as health-enhancing should meet the same
standards of efficacy and safety as conventional
drugs and medical therapies.

A

True

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12
Q

defined as any substance that brings about a

change in biologic function through its chemical actions.

A

Drug

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13
Q

Many drugs found in nature are

A

alkaloids

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14
Q

Most of the drugs would have a molecular

weight between

A

100 MW – 1000 MW

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15
Q

MW of Li ion

A

7

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16
Q

This also determines the ability of the
drugs to pass the blood brain barrier as
well as the placental barrier.

A

Drug size

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17
Q

Drugs interact with receptors by means

of

A

chemical forces or bonds.

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18
Q

strongest and

irreversible bond

A

covalent

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19
Q

more common but
weaker than covalent
bond.

A

Electrostatic

20
Q 
weakest and important 
in the interactions of 
highly lipid-soluble drugs 
with lipids of cell 
membranes.
A

Hydrophobic

21
Q

Complementary to the of the receptor site
in the same way that the key is
complementary to that of the receptor
site.

A

Drug shape

22
Q

Carvedilol has how many isomers?

A

2

23
Q

Action (or effect) of the drug to

the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

24
Q

It describes the effect of the body

to the drugs

A

Pharmacokinetics

25
Q

A drug that would activate the receptor

A

Agonist

26
Q

Competes with or prevent the binding of

the molecule

A

Antagonist

27
Q

It binds to the different receptors other

than the agonist.

A

Allosteric Agonist

28
Q

It binds to the different receptors other

than the antagonist.

A

Allosteric Antagonist

29
Q

Selective (to avoid constant activation)
and changes its function upon binding
that the function of the biologic system is
altered

A

Receptors

30
Q

Diphenhydramine is highly selective to
__ receptor and Ranitidine highly
selective to __ receptor.

A

H1;H2

31
Q

site which is a non-regulatory
molecule such as albumin that would
result in no detectable change in the
function of the biologic system.

A

Inert Binding Sites

32
Q

activate receptor systems to the

maximum event of which the system is capable

A

Full agonist

33
Q

bind to the same receptors and
activate them in the same way but do not evoke
great a response, no matter how high the
concentration

A

Partial agonist

34
Q

drug will reduce constitutive
activity, resulting in effects that are opposite of the
effects produced by the conventional agonist at
the receptor.

A

Inverse agonist

35
Q

T or F
In the case of drugs that bind covalently to the
receptor site, the effect may persist until the drug-receptor complex is destroyed and new receptors
or enzymes are synthesized

A

True

36
Q

o Route of administration
o entrance of drugs remote to the site of
target tissue or organ

A

Absorption

37
Q

Determinants of distribution:

A

Size of the organ, blood flow, solubility, binding

38
Q

Mechanism of

Activation or Termination of Drug Action

A

Metabolism

-termination of drugs before
excretion as they are
metabolized to biologically
inactive metabolites

39
Q

a process wherein drugs continue to act until they are

excreted

A

Drug Elimination without Metabolism

40
Q

Most of the metabolism occurs in the
liver with the help of _______
enzyme.

A

cytochrome P450

41
Q

T or F

Elimination is a process similar to excretion

A

False

42
Q

For most drugs and their metabolites,
excretion is primarily by way of the
_____

A

kidney

43
Q

are secreted primarily by the

lungs.

A

Volatile anesthetic gases

44
Q

rate of elimination is

proportional to the concentration.

A

First Order Elimination

45
Q

rate of elimination is

constant regardless of concentration.

A

Zero Order Elimination

46
Q

T or F

In Zero Order Elimination, concentration of drugs in plasma increases in linear fashion over time

A

False

47
Q

T or F

Si Quen ay ubod ng ganda

A

True

PHARMACOLOGY (13 decks)

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