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CAS UJ mod 1 > Intro to Path & Disease > Flashcards

Intro to Path & Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology is the study of:

A 
Causes
Processes 
Development 
Consequences
of the nature of disease
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2
Q

Clinical manifestations are

A

Signs
Symptoms
Or both

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3
Q

Aetiology

A

Cause of disease

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4
Q

Pathogenesis

A

Mechanism causing disease

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5
Q

Pathological and Clinical manifestations

A

Structure and functional features of disease

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6
Q

Compilation and sequelae

A

Secondary, systemic or remote consequences of disease

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7
Q

Prognosis

A

Anticipated course of disease ito cure, remission or fate of px

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8
Q

Epidemiology

A

Incidence, prevalence and pop distribution of disease

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9
Q

Classification of disease

DDNI

A

Developmental
Inflammatory
Neoplastic
Degenerative

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10
Q

Developmental

A

Interrupts human development

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11
Q

Inflammatory

A

Process by which WBC and chemicals protect the body from infection
Driven by immune system

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12
Q

Neoplastic

A

New or abnormal growth

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13
Q

Degenerative

A

Function or structure of affected tissue or organs deteriorate over time
Symptoms worsens over time

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14
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-optahy

A

Presence of a non-specific disease process

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15
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-itis

A

Inflammation or infection

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16
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-oma

A

Neoplastic pathogenesis- benign or malignant

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17
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-osis

A

Condition due to increase of some non-specific agent

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18
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-oid

A

Condition that resembles another tissue or process

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19
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-plasia

A

Altered tissue by virtue of change in cell number

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20
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

- trophy

A

Altered tissue by virtue of change in cell size

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21
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-schisis

A

Presence of separation of tissue planes

22
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-dynia/algia

23
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-plegia

24
Q

Pathogenesis of conditions by suffix:

-aemia

A

Disorders of blood

25
Pathogenesis of conditions by prefix: | Hyper
Excessive
26
Pathogenesis of conditions by prefix: | Hypo
Decreased
27
Pathogenesis of conditions by prefix: | Meta
Change of tissue type
28
Pathogenesis of conditions by prefix: | Neo
New
29
Pathogenesis of conditions by prefix: | A
Absence / without
30
Pathogenesis of conditions by prefix: | Dys
Abnormal
31
Homeostasis definition
Ability for cell or organism to maintain internal equilibrium by adjusting its physiological processes Homeostatic imbalance = inability to maintain homeostasis may lead to death or disease
32
Homeostasis organ
``` Liver Kidneys Brain - hypothalamus - autonomic nervous system - endocrine system ```
33
Homeostasis 3 components
Receptor - integrator - effector Eg. Stimulus- nerve ending - brain - muscle System output feeds back to receptor for feedback loop for homeostatic control
34
Body temp regulation
Receptor. = skin thermometer receptor register body too cold Integrator = hypothalamus Outputs motor neuron impulse to effector Effector = sweat glands and muscles
35
Thermoregulation
``` Body temp drops below norm - blood vessels constrict - decreased blood flow to skin - sweat gland deactivate - no sweating - shivering - muscle friction creates heat Body temp rises ```
36
Acid Base Balance - maintained by
Acid is excreted or metabolized
37
Acid Base Balance - Metabolism produced acids
Cabonic Acid: CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 Lactic Acid: anaerobic metabolism Phosphoric and Sulphuric Acid: protein metabolism Fatty Acids: Lipid metabolism
38
Alkalosis vs Acidosis
Alkalosis results from rapid acid elimination Acidosis results from failure to eliminate acids Dependent on H+ in extracellular and intracellular fluid
39
Acid Alkali levels
Acids are linked to H+ ions | Alkali are linked to Carbon ions
40
Acid Base balance - defined
Alkalosis = pH greater than 7.45 Acidosis = pH lower than 7.35 Acid Base balance ensures the right amount of O2 is delivered to tissues. Respiratory and Kidney malfunction will lead to either Acidosis or Alkalosis.
41
Factors that influence Homeostasis
``` Temperature Stress Antibody -Antigen reaction Auto-immune response Infections Inflammation Neoplasia Endocrine disorders and dysfunction Chemical poisons Physical causes and trauma Genetic disturbance Nutritional defects Metabolic dysfunction Degeneration Iatrogenic ```
42
Temperature effect on Homeostasis
Extreme heat or cold reduction in temperature should result in body acceleration Increased heat may lead to heat production - exhaustion and heat stroke
43
Stress effect on Homeostasis
Causes adrenal cortex to release Cortisol Cortisol suppresses immune system (anti-inflammotory) Cortisol elevation may lead to Cushing syndrome or Mineralocorticoid Hypertension
44
Antibody-Antigen effect on Homeostasis
Antigens provokes specific immune response to virus or bacteria Antibodies are proteins produced during immune response to prevent homeostatic disruption. Reverse homeostasis occurs when antibodies attack the body's own proteins.
45
Infections effect on Homeostasis
Infectious micro-organisms produce exotoxins Hemolysis depletes RBC and releases K+ into extracellular fluid K+ elevation accelerate bacterial replication resulting in increased alkalosis in extracellular fluid
46
Inflammation effect on Homeostasis
Inflammatory response leads to vascular dilation and increased vascular permeability Resulting in plasma leakage and exudation (protein rich)
47
Neoplasia effect on Homeostasis
New growth disturbs homeostasis (faster growth than normal cells) New cells overproduce hormones or results in cellular malnutrition (increased nutrient competition)
48
Chemical effect on Homeostasis
Direct actions from poisons - cyanide, nicotine and environmental pollutants Indirect actions - chemicals may cause tumors which in turn affect homeostasis
49
Nutrition effect on Homeostasis
occurs when nutrient intake consistently falls below RDA | Results in anemia, osteoporosis, rickets etc
50
Metabolic dysfunction effect on Homeostasis
``` Due to: Interference with absorption Inefficient transport within the body Defective utilization eg. Diabetes, obesity ```
51
Degeneration effect on Homeostasis
Senility causes reduction in organ size due to progressive cell loss - reduced homeostatic functionality
52
Iatrogenic effect on Homeostasis
As with physical or traumatic loss of homeostatic functionality due to structural changes

CAS UJ mod 1 (9 decks)

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