intro to organic COPY Flashcards
what is structural formula
shows how the atoms are joined together, brackets show side chains
what is displayed formula
shows all the bonds and atoms in a molecule
what is skeletal formula
uses lines to show bonds each point is a carbon H not shown
what is molecular formula
gives actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule
what is empirical formula
gives simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound
what are alkyl chains
these are branches and side chains named length of carbon and -yl
prefix of 1 carbon
meth
prefix of 2 carbon
eth
prefix of 3 carbon
prop
prefix of 4 carbon
but
prefix of 5 carbon
pent
prefix of 6 carbon
hex
structural isomer
same molecular formula but different structural formula
positional isomer
same molecular formula but different functional group connection carbon
functional group isomer
same molecular formula but different functional group
aldehyde and ketone
alkene and cycloalkane
stereoisomer
same structural formula but bonded different
optical isomer
same structural formula but different arrangement around a chiral carbon
chain isomer
same molecular formula but different arrangement of carbon chain
geometric isomer
same structural formula but different arrangement around double bond
z is same
e is opposite
rules for naming geometric isomers
what is general formula
number of atoms when there is n carbon
what has same general formula
homologous series e.g alkene or alkane
bond breaking arrow
b
bond transfer arrow
bond making arrow
in free radical how is unpaired electron shown
