Alkenes Flashcards
what is an alkene and how is it bonded
an unsaturated hydrocarbon
bonded with a c=c bond
what mechanism do alkenes undergo
electrophilic addition
what does electrophilic addition do
removes double bond and adds another group
what does elecrophilic addition look like
1 - arrow from double bond to d+
2 - new drawing with d+ now on a c from double bond and other carbon with a + sign
3 - arrow from : lone pairs to carbocation
how to test for alkene
add bromine water it will go from orange to a colourless solution
what influences the minor and major products
carbocation stability
positive inductive effect :
carbon chains push electron density towards the positive c making c+ more stable
what carbocation would make minor and major products
minor - smaller - primary carbocation
major - bigger - secondary carbocation
what is addition polymerisation
formation of long chain molecules from lots of small molecules joining together with no other products
are addition polymers biodegradable
not biodegradable because the carbon-carbon bonds are nor polar bonds in the chain
how to draw addition polymer equation
H H
| |
n C = C —> –[–C – C –]–
| |
H H n
what is poly (chloroethene) and what are its properties
a synthetic polymer and is relatively cheap and easy to mould, hard and brittle
what does a plasticiser do
modifies properties of all addition polymers
what does a plasticiser do physically
create space between polymer chains weakening intermolecular forces making the compounds more flexible
are additition polymers reactive and why
un-reactive due to their many strong non-polar c-c bonds in a chain also not biodegradable
