Intro To Organic

Question 1

what is empirical formula

Answer 1

formula that gives the simplest whole ratio of atoms of each element in a compound

Question 2

what is molecular formula

Answer 2

formula that gives the actual number of atoms of each element in one molecule

Question 3

what in general formula

Answer 3

number of atoms of each element in a substance which has n carbon atoms
in a homologous series this would be the same

Question 4

what is structural formula

Answer 4

shows how the atoms are joined together brackets used to show side chain

Question 5

what is displayed formula

Answer 5

shows all the bonds and atoms in a molecule

Question 6

what is skeletal formula

Answer 6

uses lines to represent bonds
each point represents a carbon atom
h atoms are not shown

Question 7

what are the characteristics of homologous series

Answer 7

• same general formula
• similar chemical properties
• similar trend in boiling points

Question 8

what are the 3 stages in free radical substitution

Answer 8

initiation
propagation
termination

Question 9

show the initiation of CFCl3

Answer 9

CFCl3 -> Cl* + CFCl2

Question 10

show the two propagation stages of CFCs

Answer 10

Cl* + O3 -> ClO* + O2
ClO* + O3 -> Cl* +2O2

Question 11

show the termination stage of CFCs

Answer 11

ClO* + ClO* -> Cl2O2

Question 12

what is a bond making arrow

Answer 12

lone pair of electrons -> positive ion

Question 13

what is a bond breaking arrow

Answer 13

line -> atom
happens when an atom is about to have or does have too many bonds so one breaks

Question 14

what is a bond transfer arrow

Answer 14

line -> atom or another bond outside current bond

Question 15

what is a stereoisomer

Answer 15

molecules with same structural formula but bonded together in different orders

Question 16

what are the types of structural isomers

Answer 16

Chain isomerism
Positional isomerism
Functional group isomerism

Question 17

what is a structural isomer

Answer 17

same molecular formula but different structural formulae

Question 18

what is Chain isomerism

Answer 18

same molecular formula but the hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently

Question 19

what is positional isomerism

Answer 19

same molecular formula but functional group is attached to the chain at different points

Question 20

what is functional group isomerism

Answer 20

same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 21

what are the types of stereoisomers

Answer 21

geometric isomers
optical isomers

Question 22

what is geometric isomers

Answer 22

same structural formula but different arrangement around a non rotational double bond

Question 23

what is optical isomerism

Answer 23

same structural formula but different arrangement around a chiral carbon or have a non-superimposable mirror image

Question 24

what are the cip priority rules

Answer 24

1 - split double bond down the middle
2 - look at left side and apply priority to group with highest atomic number
3 - look at right and repeat
4 - compare is its the same its z and if its opposite its e