Intro to Organic Chemistry Flashcards
Alkane general formula
CnH2n+2
Alkene general formula
CnH2n
Cycloalkane general formula
CnH2n
Displayed formula
Structural formula
Skeletal formula
Side chain prefixes
Naming cyclic compounds
Alcohols
CnH2n+1OH
Alcohols take priority over alkenes
State two features of a homologous series.
- each member differs from the next member by the addition of a -CH2- ‘unit’.
- a general formula can be written for the series, e.g. for an alkane this is CnH2n+2.
- members of a homologous series have very similar chemical properties
- they have the same functional group.
- members will show a change in physical properties like increasing boiling point as the carbon chain gets longer.
Structural Isomerism
Structural isomers are molecules which have the same molecular formula but a different structural formulae.
( positional, chain, functional group)
C5H12= 2-methylbutane or dimethylpropane
Positional isomerism
Positional isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but which have the functional group on different positions in the molecule.
E.g. but-1-ene and but-2-ene
Chain isomerism
Chain isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but a different arrangement of carbon atoms.
E.g. butane and methylpropane
Functional group isomerism
Functional group isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different functional groups.
E.g cyclohexane and hex-1-ene
Stereoisomerism
molecules with the same structural formula, but with a different arrangement of the atoms in space
E /Z isomerism (or Geometric isomerism)
- A C=C double bond which restricts rotation
- Each C of the C=C double bond must be attached to two different groups
*higher atomic number, higher priority
