intro to organic chem

Question 1

what is general formula

Answer 1

algebraic formula that can be applied to chemicals in the ‘family’

Question 2

general formula of alkanes

Answer 2

Cn H2n+2

Question 3

general formula of alkenes

Answer 3

Cn H2n

Question 4

general formula of alcohols

Answer 4

Cn H2n+1

Question 5

what is molecular formula

Answer 5

the actual number of atoms in a molecule or element

Question 6

what is structural formula

Answer 6

the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds

Question 7

what is skeletal formula

Answer 7

show the bonds of the carbon skeleton only. hydrogen and carbon atoms not shown but functional groups are

Question 8

what is displayed formula

Answer 8

shows the arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds and atoms in the molecule

Question 9

what is the homologous series

Answer 9

the homologous series of a group of compounds have the same functional group and general formula

Question 10

successive members of the same homologous series increases by …

Answer 10

CH2

Question 11

stem names for number of carbons

Answer 11

1- meth
2- eth
3- prop
4- but
5- pent
6- hex

Question 12

what is the prefix/suffix of alkanes

Answer 12

-ane

Question 13

what is the prefix/suffix of alkenes

Answer 13

-ene

Question 14

what is the prefix/suffix of alcohols

Answer 14

-ol

Question 15

what is the prefix/suffix of aldehydes

Answer 15

-al

Question 16

what is the prefix/suffix of ketones

Answer 16

-one

Question 17

what is the prefix/suffix of carboxylic acids

Answer 17

-oic acid

Question 18

what is the prefix/suffix of halogenoalkanes

Answer 18

fluoro- bromo- etc

Question 19

what is the functional group of alkanes

Answer 19

C-H

Question 20

what is the functional group of alkenes

Answer 20

C=C

Question 21

what is the functional group of alkyne

Answer 21

C≡C

Question 22

what is the functional group of alcohol

Answer 22

R-OH

Question 23

what is the functional group of halogenoalkane

Answer 23

R-X

Question 24

what is the functional group of carboxylic acid

Answer 24

R COOH

Question 25

what is the functional group of aldehyde

Answer 25

RCHO

Question 26

what is the functional group of ketone

Answer 26

RCOR

Question 27

what is the functional group of amine

Answer 27

R-NH2

Question 28

what is the functional group of nitrile

Answer 28

R-CN

Question 29

what is a mechanism

Answer 29

a chemical mechanism shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction

Question 30

what are structural isomers

Answer 30

have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

Question 31

what are chain isomers

Answer 31

same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton

Question 32

what are positional isomers

Answer 32

same molecule formula but different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton

Question 33

what are functional group isomers

Answer 33

same molecular formula but different functional group

Question 34

what are stereo isomers and give an example

Answer 34

have same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space an example is e/z isomerism

Question 35

how does e z isomerism occur

Answer 35

the c=c bond and the atoms bonded directly to this are flat and the atoms cannot rotate around the bond and are rigid. this means u get e z isomerism

Question 36

e isomer in ez isomerism

Answer 36

same groups opposite the double bond

Question 37

z isomerism in ez isomerism

Answer 37

same groups on the sea side of the double bond

Question 38

what are the cip rules

Answer 38

calculate atomic number of the two elements directly bonded to one C. highest priority goes to higher number. do same on other C. then determine e or z based on high priority elements