intro to organic chem Flashcards
what is general formula
algebraic formula that can be applied to chemicals in the ‘family’
general formula of alkanes
Cn H2n+2
general formula of alkenes
Cn H2n
general formula of alcohols
Cn H2n+1
what is molecular formula
the actual number of atoms in a molecule or element
what is structural formula
the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds
what is skeletal formula
show the bonds of the carbon skeleton only. hydrogen and carbon atoms not shown but functional groups are
what is displayed formula
shows the arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds and atoms in the molecule
what is the homologous series
the homologous series of a group of compounds have the same functional group and general formula
successive members of the same homologous series increases by …
CH2
stem names for number of carbons
1- meth
2- eth
3- prop
4- but
5- pent
6- hex
what is the prefix/suffix of alkanes
-ane
what is the prefix/suffix of alkenes
-ene
what is the prefix/suffix of alcohols
-ol
what is the prefix/suffix of aldehydes
-al
what is the prefix/suffix of ketones
-one
what is the prefix/suffix of carboxylic acids
-oic acid
what is the prefix/suffix of halogenoalkanes
fluoro- bromo- etc
what is the functional group of alkanes
C-H
what is the functional group of alkenes
C=C
what is the functional group of alkyne
C≡C
what is the functional group of alcohol
R-OH
what is the functional group of halogenoalkane
R-X
what is the functional group of carboxylic acid
R COOH
what is the functional group of aldehyde
RCHO
what is the functional group of ketone
RCOR
what is the functional group of amine
R-NH2
what is the functional group of nitrile
R-CN
what is a mechanism
a chemical mechanism shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction
what are structural isomers
have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula
what are chain isomers
same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton
what are positional isomers
same molecule formula but different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton
what are functional group isomers
same molecular formula but different functional group
what are stereo isomers and give an example
have same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
an example is e/z isomerism
how does e z isomerism occur
the c=c bond and the atoms bonded directly to this are flat and the atoms cannot rotate around the bond and are rigid. this means u get e z isomerism
e isomer in ez isomerism
same groups opposite the double bond
z isomerism in ez isomerism
same groups on the sea side of the double bond
what are the cip rules
calculate atomic number of the two elements directly bonded to one C. highest priority goes to higher number. do same on other C. then determine e or z based on high priority elements
