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chemistry > intro to organic chem > Flashcards

intro to organic chem Flashcards

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1
Q

what is general formula

A

algebraic formula that can be applied to chemicals in the ‘family’

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2
Q

general formula of alkanes

A

Cn H2n+2

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3
Q

general formula of alkenes

A

Cn H2n

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4
Q

general formula of alcohols

A

Cn H2n+1

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5
Q

what is molecular formula

A

the actual number of atoms in a molecule or element

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6
Q

what is structural formula

A

the arrangement of atoms in a molecule without showing all the bonds

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7
Q

what is skeletal formula

A

show the bonds of the carbon skeleton only. hydrogen and carbon atoms not shown but functional groups are

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8
Q

what is displayed formula

A

shows the arrangement of atoms showing all the bonds and atoms in the molecule

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9
Q

what is the homologous series

A

the homologous series of a group of compounds have the same functional group and general formula

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10
Q

successive members of the same homologous series increases by …

A

CH2

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11
Q

stem names for number of carbons

A

1- meth
2- eth
3- prop
4- but
5- pent
6- hex

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12
Q

what is the prefix/suffix of alkanes

A

-ane

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13
Q

what is the prefix/suffix of alkenes

A

-ene

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14
Q

what is the prefix/suffix of alcohols

A

-ol

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15
Q

what is the prefix/suffix of aldehydes

A

-al

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16
Q

what is the prefix/suffix of ketones

A

-one

17
Q

what is the prefix/suffix of carboxylic acids

A

-oic acid

18
Q

what is the prefix/suffix of halogenoalkanes

A

fluoro- bromo- etc

19
Q

what is the functional group of alkanes

A

C-H

20
Q

what is the functional group of alkenes

A

C=C

21
Q

what is the functional group of alkyne

A

C≡C

22
Q

what is the functional group of alcohol

A

R-OH

23
Q

what is the functional group of halogenoalkane

A

R-X

24
Q

what is the functional group of carboxylic acid

A

R COOH

25
Q

what is the functional group of aldehyde

A

RCHO

26
Q

what is the functional group of ketone

A

RCOR

27
Q

what is the functional group of amine

A

R-NH2

28
Q

what is the functional group of nitrile

A

R-CN

29
Q

what is a mechanism

A

a chemical mechanism shows the movement of electrons during a chemical reaction

30
Q

what are structural isomers

A

have the same molecular formula but a different structural formula

31
Q

what are chain isomers

A

same molecular formula but different arrangement of the carbon skeleton

32
Q

what are positional isomers

A

same molecule formula but different position of the functional group on the carbon skeleton

33
Q

what are functional group isomers

A

same molecular formula but different functional group

34
Q

what are stereo isomers and give an example

A

have same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space
an example is e/z isomerism

35
Q

how does e z isomerism occur

A

the c=c bond and the atoms bonded directly to this are flat and the atoms cannot rotate around the bond and are rigid. this means u get e z isomerism

36
Q

e isomer in ez isomerism

A

same groups opposite the double bond

37
Q

z isomerism in ez isomerism

A

same groups on the sea side of the double bond

38
Q

what are the cip rules

A

calculate atomic number of the two elements directly bonded to one C. highest priority goes to higher number. do same on other C. then determine e or z based on high priority elements

chemistry (15 decks)

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