Intro to Neuromuscular Re-education Flashcards
what is motor control?
the ability of the neuromuscular system to regulate or redirect the mechanisms essential to move
ability of the system to produce output
what is motor learning?
set of processes associated with practice or experience which leads to relatively permanent changes in the capability of producing skilled action
way in which we adapt/change/relearn
motor learning is a direct result of what?
neuroplastic change
what is neuroplastic change?
the expansion and/or reorganization of the cortical map
what drives fxnal recovery after a stroke?
cortical plasticity and reorganization mechanisms
how long can reorganization take?
years
t/f: reorganization after a stroke can be positive or negative
true
what are the 3 mechanisms of neuroplasticity?
1) injury driven change
2) neuronal modification
3) experience driven change
what is involved in injury driven change in neuroplasticity?
cellular level changes
recovery following CNS injury
what is involved in neuronal modification in neuroplasticity?
stimulus driven change
synaptogenesis for the development of new neural pathways
activation of parallel neural pathways (opposite hemisphere)
activation of silent and redundant neural pathways
what is involved in experience driven change in neuroplasticity?
experience-expectant plasticity
experience-dependent plasticity
what is experience-expectant plasticity?
in reference to critical periods of developmental change (important in growing babies)
what is experience-dependent plasticity?
motor learning is an example of this
use-dependent, fxn-dependent, task-dependent
t/f: in the performance of a motor task/activity, brain activity is linked to the phase of motor learning
true
during the initial phases of neuroplastic changes (skill acquisition), what is happening in the brain?
there are large and diffuse areas of the brain that are active
immediate reorganization due to unmasking of previously nonfxnal synaptic connections in neighboring areas.
during the autonomous phases, what is happening in the brain?
when tasks are repeated, the # of active areas of the brain are reduced
during the skilled phase, when tasks are learned, what is happening in the brain?
smaller, more distinct areas of the brain show an increased activity
brain areas neighboring the lesion take over those parts of the map that were occupied by damaged cells
during what phase of neuroplasticity is less attention required to perform the task resulting in the brain regions becoming more focal as skilled performance increases?
during skilled phases
what is dendritic aborization?
branching out of dendrites to take over damaged parts of the brain
what are regenerative and reactive synaptogenesis?
ways of neurons taking over damaged parts of the brain
neuro rehab should result in _____ ______
brain change
TMS or fMRI shows that what kind of training and environment produces long-lasting cortical reorganization?
task-specific training in enriched environments
t/f: the tasks need to be fxnal to lay down a fxnal map
true
recovery of neuronal fxn after brain injury is influenced by what?
the type, intensity, and timing of rehab relative to surgery