INTRO TO NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards
The Spinal Cord gives an origin for 1 cranial nerve
(spinal accessory)
Somatic NS Is divided into
Efferent (Motor) Part
Afferent (Sensory) Part
Central Nervous System
(CNS) consist of ——–
Autonomic (visceral) NS consist of ——-
brain and spinal cord
Sympathetic
division & Parasympathetic
division
Golgi’s reticular theory of neurones
neurons form a
continuous reticular
net and are
continuously
connected with
each other.
The neuron doctrine
proposed by Cajal,
that neurons in
fact are structurally
independent,
Ability of neuronal cells to respond to
environmental changes (stimuli).
Excitability.
Ability of neuronal cells to produce electrical signals
that are quickly conducted to other cells at distant locations
Conductivity.
Non excitable cells in the brain
Neuroglia
Dendrites function
carry
impulses to cell body
Axons function
Carry impulses away from cell body
structure where signals are transmitted
Synapse
Retina neuron
Motor neuron
Bipolar
Multipolar
a delicate
connective tissue sheath that
surrounds the axon (nerve fiber)
Endoneurium
a layer of dense
connective tissue that encloses a
bundle of nerve fibers (fascicles)
Perineurium
thick connective
tissue that surround bundle of
fascicles forming outermost
covering of nerve
Epineurium
Collection of nerve cell
bodies
Gray matter(Substancia grisea).
includes the :Brain cortex, cerebellum cortex, nuclei of brain & spinal cord
Collection of neuronal
processes
White matter
Collection of cell bodies
within the CNS
Collection of nerve cell
bodies outside the CNS
Nucleus
Ganglion
Collections of axons
outside the CNS
Collections of axons
within the CNS
nerves
Tracts
space below the arachnoid which contains CSF
subarachnoid space
outer ~ inner meninges
DURA
ARACHNOID
PIA
Blood supply to the brain by vertebral / basillar artery
- Optic radiation
- Temporal lobe, occipital
lobe - Thalamus
- Medulla
- Pons
- Mesencephalon
- Cerebellum
Blood supply to the brain by internal carotid artery
- Eye, optic nerve, optic chiasm
- Optic tract and part of optic
radiation - Frontal, parietal, temporal lobe
- Internal capsule
- Basal ganglia
- Hypothalamus
12 pairs of cranial nerves exit through
skull foramina
31 pairs of spinal nerves exit through
intervertebral foramina
31 pairs of spinal nerves:
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccyx
Anterior root of spinal cord: contains
Posterior root: contains
motor fibers
sensory fibers
Anterior and posterior nerve root unite at
Intervertebral foramen
Posterior rami supply
joints of vertebral column,
deep muscles of back and overlying skin
Anterior rami supply
anterolateral region of trunk,
upper and lower limbs
Rami which form plexuses of the body and give
lateral and anterior cutaneous branches
Anterior rami
Preganglionic neurons of sympathetic system are located
in the
-Lateral horn of spinal cord
- thoracic and upper
lumbar region (in the CNS) T1-L2
Preganglionic neurons of parasympathetic system
are located
-Brainstem (CN 3,5,9,10)
-sacral segments (2-4) of spinal cord.
The cell bodies of second (postganglionic) neurons are located in the
Autonomic ganglia outside the CNS:
● Paravertebral
● Prevertebral
the plexuses that surround the main branches of
abdominal aorta:
Prevertebral ganglia (Collateral ganglia)● Coeliac ganglia
● Superior mesenteric ganglia
● Inferior mesenteric ganglia
Ganglia that form right and left sympathetic trunk (chains)
Paravertebral ganglia
Fibers which Transmit pain, temperature, touch, and proprioception from the body to the CNS.
General Somatic Afferent Fibers (GSA)
Fibers that Convey special sensory impulses of vision, hearing, and equilibration to the CNS.
Special Somatic Afferent Fibers (SSA)
Fibers that Carry motor impulses to the skeletal muscles of
the body.
General Somatic Efferent Fibers (GSE)
Fibers that Transmit smell and taste sensations to the CNS.
Special Visceral Afferent Fibers (SVA)
fibers that Convey sensory impulses from visceral organs to
the CNS.
General Visceral Afferent Fibers (GVA)
Fibers that Transmit motor impulses to smooth muscle,
cardiac muscle, and glandular tissues.
General Visceral Efferent Fibers (Autonomic
Nerves) (GVE)
Fibers that Conduct motor impulses to the muscles of the
head and neck.
Special Visceral Efferent Fibers (SVE)
