Intro to Nephrology

Question 1

Signs and Symptoms of Acute Renal Failure

Answer 1

• Edema (Leg, pericardial, pleural)
• HTN
• Diminished urine output
• Confusion
• Symptoms of electrolyte abnormalities

Question 2

Signs and symptom of chronic renal failure

Answer 2

• Most common is no sign or symptom
• Early symptoms include: Fatigue, weakness, anorexia/nausea/vomiting, irritability/mental status changes, pruritis, easy bruising, menstrual irregularities, libido

Question 3

Lab abnormalities with renal function decline

Answer 3

• High blood urea nitrogen
• Elevated BUN and Creatinine
• Proteinuria
• Anemia

Question 4

Excess can be caused by

Answer 4

• Under excretion
• Overproduction
• Ectopic Source
• Wrong place
• 1 of these 4 problems can cause abnormally high lab values

Question 5

Deficiency can be caused by

Answer 5

• Under production (Ex: hypothyroid)
• Over-excretion (Ex: Basement membrane damage)
• Inadequate intake (Ex: Lack of protein)
• Wrong place (Ex: Sequestration)
• Leakage, lysis or destruction (Ex: Hemolytic anemia)
• 1 of these 5 problems can cause abnormally low lab values