HIV/AIDS - Sandkovsky Flashcards
What type of virus is HIV
A retrovirus: RNA virus, infects cell, forms DNA, makes more RNA
T/F: HIV is able to replicate continuously in their host cells despite a competent host immune response
True
Major cellular targets for HIV-1
Lymphocytes
mononuclear phagocytes
HIV transmission factors
AIDS Active STD presence of genital lesions frequency and type of unprotected sex circumcision viral load
How is HIV transmitted
Bodily fluids: blood, semen, breast milk
Needles
HIV pathogenesis and progression to AIDS
CD4 depletion in GALT in the acute phase of HIV. Selective loss of Th17, polyclonal B cell activation, increased CD4 and CD8 turnover with decreased half lives
T/F: Shingles is suggestive of HIV infection
True- also several other indications
AIDS indicators
CD4 count <14% of total lymphocytes
Diagnostic testing for HIV
Oral fluid testing, urine testing, home test kit, rapid HIV testing
Screening highest sensitivity for HIV
ELISA- detecting antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2
Confirmation- highest specificity for HIV
Western Blot
Acute HIV infection you should perform
HIV RNA by PCR
Specific tests used in HIV infection
Quantitative HIV RNA, CD4 cell count/percentage, Total lymphocyte count, HLA B5701 (always before abacavir), Resistance testing
Definition of success for HIV
HIV RNA <50 copies/mL
A 55 y.o. women has HIV with CD4 count of 344 cells.mm and viral load of 34000 copies/mL. What is treatment
2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and 1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor
OR
2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and 1 protease inhibitor OR
2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and an integrase inhibitor