Intro to Molecular Genetics

Question 1

What is a genotype? (1)

Answer 1

The DNA sequence.

Question 2

What is a phenotype? (1)

Answer 2

The observed trait.

Question 3

Haploid (1)

Answer 3

One set of chromosomes.

Question 4

Diploid (1)

Answer 4

Two sets of chromosomes.

Question 5

Genetic fitness (1)

Answer 5

A genotype that confers a reproductive advantage.

Question 6

Human Genome (3)

Answer 6

Complete set of genetic instructions for a human.
About 3 billion base pairs.
About 30,000 proteins.

Question 7

Genomics (1)

Answer 7

The study of multiple genes in an organism.

Question 8

Subtypes of genetics (3)

Answer 8

Transmission genetics (i.e. Mendel)
Molecular genetics (i.e. DNA)
Population genetics (i.e. Hardy Weinberg)

Question 9

Differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes (2)

Answer 9

Prokaryotes are unicellular and don’t have a nucleus.

Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular and have a nucleus.

Question 10

Characteristics of model organisms (6)

Answer 10

Short generation time
Production of numerous progeny
Can carry out controlled genetic crosses
Can be reared in a lab
Availability of numerous genetic variants
Accumulated body of knowledge about their genetic systems.