Basic Principles of Heredity

Question 1

The Product Rule (1)

Answer 1

The probability of BOTH of two mutually exclusive events will occur is equal to their probabilities multiplied together.

Question 2

The Sum Rule (1)

Answer 2

The probability that EITHER of two events will occur is equal to their probabilities added together.

Question 3

Monohybrid crosses teach that (4):

Answer 3

One character is encoded by two genetic factors.
Two genetic factors (alleles) separate when gametes are formed.
The concept of dominant and recessive traits.
Two alleles separate with equal probability into the gametes.

Question 4

Relating Mendel to Meiosis (1)

Answer 4

Segregation results from the random separation of homologous chromosomes in meiosis.

Question 5

Dihybrid crosses reveal (1)

Answer 5

Independent assortment

Question 6

How are the principles of segregation and independent assortment related and how are they different? (2)

Answer 6

Genes encoding different characteristics separate and assorted independently of one another when they do not locate close together on the same chromosome (ie “no linkage”).
During this process, two alleles of the same gene encoding one characteristic still have to be segregated from each other during the formation of gametes.

Question 7

Chi-square test

Answer 7

Sum of (Observed - Expected)squared over Expected.