Intro to Microbiology Flashcards
What is the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacterial cells?
cell wall: gram negative bacteria have a single layer of peptidoglycan sandwiched between two layers of lipid membrane, while gram positive cells have multiple layers of peptidoglycan on top of a single lipid membrane.
What is serology used for?
to test whether someone has been previously exposed or immunized - detects antibodies or antigens
bacteriophage
virus that infects bacteria and replicates within the bacteria
what is cytopathic effect used for?
detecting viral growth
What are cell walls of fungi made up of?
complex polysaccharides - may include: chitin, gluten, manna, galactomannan, chitosan
protozoa
microscopic, single-celled eukaryotes with a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles
helminths
macroscopic, multicellular worms with differentiated tissues and complex organ systems
beneficial effects of colon microbiota
protection from pathogens
stimulation of gut maturation
stimulation of innate and adaptive immune systems
digestion of complex carbs
cell wall component PAMPs
LPS, mycelia acids, peptidoglycan
appendage PAMPs
flagella
nucleic acid PAMPs
DNA, RNA
PAMPs
structures on pathogens that are recognized by the innate immune system
