Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Invaders & Defenders > Antimicrobials > Flashcards

Antimicrobials Flashcards

1
Q

penicillin G, penicillin V

A

narrow-spectrum B-lactams

simple penicillin

penicillin V is orally active - used to treat oropharyngeal infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Mechanism for B-lactam cell wall inhibitors

A

looks like Dala-Dala, binds PBPs (transpepsidases), blocks peptidoglycan cross-linking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adverse affects of B-lactam cell wall inhibitors

A

allergic reactions, including anaphylaxis, rashes, nephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

adverse effects of carbapenems

A

increases risk of seizure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

extended spectrum penicillins

A

amoxicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

static

A

concentration that inhibits growth is much less than concentration that kills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

cidal

A

concentration that inhibits growth is similar to concentration that kills

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

examples of tidal drug classes

A

B-lactams, ahminoglycosides, fluoroguinolones, metronidazole, vancomycin, streptogramins, daptomycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

examples of static drug classes

A

clindamycin, macrolides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

superinfection

A

disruption of flora by antimicrobial allows single microorganism to overgrow and cause pathology - highest risk is with broad-spectrum antibiotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mechanism of B-lactams

A

inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

B-lactamases

A

catalyze hydrolysis of B-lactam ring of B-lactam antibiotics causing inactivation.

formation by pathogens creates resistance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

B-lactamase inhibitors

A

clavulanic acid, sulbactam, tazobactam

used in combination with penicillins to prevent their inactivation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

naficillin

A

very narrow spectrum lactamase resistant penicillin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

piperacillin

A

anti-pseudomonal B-lactam

used w/ penicillinase inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

cefazolin, cephalexin

A

1st generation cephalsporins

B-lactams

cephalexin is orally active

17
Q

cefuroxime

A

B-lactam

2nd generation cephalosporin

orally active

extended gram (-) coverage

18
Q

ceftriaxone

A

B-lactam

3rd generation cephalosporin

increased activity against gram (-) organisms resistant to other B-lactam drugs - used for serious infections

can penetrate the BBB

19
Q

cefepime

A

B-lactam

4th generation cephalosporin

more active against pseudomonas

20
Q

ceftaroline

A

B-lactam

5th generation cephalosporin

active against MRSA

21
Q

meropenem

A

B-lactam

carbapenem

low susceptibility to B-lactamases

adverse effects: increased seizure risk

22
Q

aztreonam

A

B-lactam

monobactam

active only against gram (-) bacteria

23
Q

vancomycin: mechanism, adverse effects, uses, mode of resistance

A

non-B-lactam cell wall inhibitor

mechanism: binds Dala/Dala and blocks transglycosylation and elongation of the peptidoglycan chain

adverse effects: red man syndrome

uses: MRSA, C.Diff
resistance: via altered peptidoglycan - Dala-Dlac

24
Q

chloramphenicol

A

macrolide

adverse effects: bone marrow depression, aplastic anemia

uses: severe salmonella, Tx of pneumococcal and miningococcal meningitis and B-lactam sensitive people, also topical abx

25
Q

azithromycin

A

macrolide

adverse effects: GI upset, prolonged QT

26
Q

clindamycin

A

macrolide

adverse effects: associated with C.diff

MRSA active

27
Q

linezolid

A

protein synthesis inhibitor - oxazolidinone

mechanism: binds to a unique site located on the 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S ribosomal subunit

adverse effects: bone marrow supression, serotonin syndrome in pts using SSRIs

uses: should be reserved for treatment of infections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-positive bacteria

28
Q

gentamicin

A

protein synthesis inhibitor - aminoglycoside

mechanism: binds to 30S subunit irreversibly

adverse effects: nephro-oto-neuro toxicity

29
Q

doxycycline

A

protein synthesis inhibitor - binds to 30S subunit reversibly

adverse effects: incorporated into teeth/bones, photosensitivity.

doxy and tigecycline MRSA active, doxy Tx for malaria

30
Q

sulfamethoxazole

A

folate pathway inhibitor - antimetabolite of PABA that acts as competitive inhibitor or substrate for dihydropteroate synthase in folic acid synthesis.

adverse effects: hypersensitivity reactions.

active against MRSA

used with trimethoprim

31
Q

sulfamethoxazole

A

folate pathway inhibitor - antimetabolite of PABA that acts as competitive inhibitor or substrate for dihydropteroate synthase in folic acid synthesis.

adverse effects: hypersensitivity reactions (including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, but rare).

active against MRSA

used with trimethoprim

32
Q

ciprofloxacin

A

topo inhibitor - fluoroquinolone.

mechanism: interfere with bacterial DNA synthesis by inhibiting topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase)

adverse effects: tendonitis, tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, CNS effects, porolonged QT.

moxi, levo, gemi more active on S. pneumoniae than cipro.

33
Q

daptomycin

A

membrane disruptor

mechanism: inserts itself into membranes and causes leakage of small ions/molecules.

adverse effects: myopathy

inactivated by pulmonary surfactants, MRSA active

34
Q

metronidazole

A

mechanism: forms cytotoxic products that interfere with bacterial nucleic acid synthesis.

adverse effects: headache, peripheral neuropathy, alcohol sensitivity

uses: anaerobies, antiprotozoal, giardia

35
Q

TB drugs

A

rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol

Invaders & Defenders (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions