Intro to Microbiology

Question 1

what are 4 groups of microbes?

Answer 1

viruses
parasites
fungi
bacteria

Question 2

why are bacteria drug target sites?

Answer 2

simple cell + unique= drug target sites

Question 3

what is the role of cell wall/peptidoglycan?

Answer 3

protects cell and gives shape

Question 4

what is the role of cytoplasm?

Answer 4

DNA and Ribosomes

Question 5

what does chromosome carry?

Answer 5

carries genetic info

Question 6

what does plasmid contain?

Answer 6

contains gene obtain thru genetic recombination often for antibiotic resistance

Question 7

what is the diff btw bacterial and mammalian cells?

Answer 7

presence of RIGID CELL WALL (CW) (PEPTIDOGLYCAN) in bacteria

Question 8

how is CW in G+?

Answer 8

only THICK cell wall

Question 9

how is CW in G-?

Answer 9

THIN cell wall & OUTER membrane

Question 10

are bacteria single or multi celled?

Answer 10

SINGLE celled

Question 11

what is the purpose of Gram stain?

Answer 11

differentiating:
G+ (purple)
vs.
G- (pink)

Question 12

what is the purpose of acid fast stain?

Answer 12

identify mycobacteria

Question 13

what are aerobes?

Answer 13

grow best in presence of Oxygen

Question 14

what are anaerobes?

Answer 14

grow best in absence of oxygen

Question 15

what are common shapes of bacteria?

Answer 15

cocci
bacilli/rod
crescent
spirochete

Question 16

what is mycobacteria?

Answer 16

BACILLI w/ CELL WALL that differs from most bacteria and are ACID FAST

Question 17

how chlamydiae is different from others?

Answer 17

CELL WALL is LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE not peptidoglycan.

Question 18

how mycoplasmas is different from others?

Answer 18

completely LACK rigid cell wall

Question 19

define infectious dz.

Answer 19

a dz condition caused by the presence or growth of infectious microorganism or parasites

Question 20

are most microbes friendly?

Answer 20

YES! most are NEVER pathogenic

Question 21

what is normal flora of human gut?

Answer 21

E coli G- ROD

Question 22

distribution & occurrence of the normal flora are important b/c they provide/help with ?

Answer 22

1. insights into infection resulting from injury to these body sites
2. perspective on sources and significance of microorganism isolated from the infected site
3. understanding the causes and consequences of overgrowth by microorganism normally absent at a specific body site
4. stimulating host immune response

Question 23

where is normal flora in human? location?

Answer 23

Skin
URT
Oral Cavity
Intestine mostly LI
Vaginal tract

Question 24

what organs contain little normal flora?

Answer 24

eyes and stomach

Question 25

So normal flora is good?

Answer 25

YES because:

1. colonization resistance & compete with pathogens
2. release of antibacterial bacteriocins and colicins
3. vit. K
4. antigenic stimulation from commendals via cross-reacting protective immunity

Question 26

what is the effect of change in hormones and development on normal flora?

Answer 26

change in normal flora of female genital tract and lactobacilli

Question 27

what happens when taking antibiotics for resistant flora?

Answer 27

1. candida overgrowth in mouth and vagina

2. clostrifium difficile –>colitis

Question 28

under what condition there is a change in normal flora via new organism?

Answer 28

1. neonates from maternal genitalia during birth
2. G- colonization of gut and URT in hospitalized pt
3. cross-infection w/ C. difficile, MRSA, VRE