Intro To Microbial World Flashcards
Microbiology is the study of-
organisms too small to be seen under a microscope
Which organisms are macroscopic
some helminths and algae
Organisms that are studied under Parasitology are-
Protozoa and helminths
What are the branches of Microbiology-
immunology, Public health and epidemiology, food and dairy, Biotech, Genetic engineering
What is immunology-
it is concerned with the host’s response to microorganisms
Which organism is used for manipulation of genes to help as a pesticide-
Bacillus thuringinesis.
Microbes are involved in-
-
Nutrient cycle, Decomp, Prod. of food, drugs and vaccine, bioremediation, causing disease.
How many microbes cause diseases
2000, 100 are pathogenic
Organisms that attack the body because of a defect in the system-
Opportunistic infections (Black fungus)
People suffering from DM are more prone to-
Candidiasis, skin infections, TB and trauma infections.
Number of infections and deaths worldwide per year-
10 bil. And 13mil.
What is the distribution of pathogenic species?-
Group No. of species/1407 % total Bacteria 538 38.2
Fungi
317
22.5
Helminths 287 20.4 Virus and Prions 208 14.8
Protozoan
57
4.1
What are current diseases-
H1N1, Sars COV-2, Bird flu, Influenza, Ebola and Zika
Emergent diseases-
1980-1989; HTLV 1,2, Herpes virus 6, HIV, Hep C, E coli 0157, borrelia, helicobacter, Staph aureus. 1990-1999; Hanta, herpes 8, Hep E, vCJD, Hendra, Nipah, Vibrio C 0139, Cryptospodium, Cyclospora. 2000- SARS COV-1&2, H5N1, HTLV 3,4.
Which organisms are better visible with Naked eye-
Tapeworms, Nematodes, schistosome, trichennella, larval worms
Which organisms are visible under a light microscope-
protozoa, Bacteria
Organisms that are visible under E.Microscope-
Viruses
Which organisms fall under parasitology-
helminths and protozoans
Emerging diseases are-
Prev. unknown- H1N1
Tartar of tooth contains-
trichomonas tenanx
Greenish growths on old bread-
Aspergillus, Unicellular- yeast
RBC and WBC are visible under-
oil immersion lens- under 8um.
Polio virus is the smallest, it measures at-
10nm
DNA- 1nm and
H atom- 1A
The effect of viruses in the tissue determine their presence but not necessarily visible under microscope is known as-
Cytopathic effect
Pieces of protein but are yet capable of causing diseases are-
Prions
Microbes are classified in 2 ways, Cell type-
Eukar or Prokar and Virus type- DNA or RNA
Who was the first to observe living microbes-
ANton Von- 300X zoom
Forms of life can arise from non living matter-
Spontaneous generation, Ants near sugar, Flies on dung, etc.
Who demosntrated the principle of Fermentation-
Louis Pastuer, developed Rabies vaccine- the principle of omne vivum ex ovo
Who established a sequence of steps to show a particular microroganism causes a disease-
Robert Koch
What are his postulates-
Certain organism in a disease, isolate the organism, Place it in another host check if the disease is the same. He developed “pure culture” method
Who identified Anthrax, TB and Cholera-
R. Koch
Who developed the theory of Selective Toxicity-
Paul Ehrlich
Salvarsan was a replacement for-
Arsenic (less toxic to cure syphilis)
Penicillin was discovered by-
Fleming, used Staph aureus, synthetic are, amoxicillin and ampicillin
Nobel Prize for Phagocytosis-
mechnikov
Small pox vax- E. Jenner, Advocate-
Lady Montague
B. Jesty-
induced cowpox to reduce smallpox
. Lister promoted the idea of-
Sterile Surgery- phenol to clean instruments and wounds
Who was the saviour of mothers?-
Ignaz Semmelweis, Cleaning hands in a ob/gyn vag. Exam
Other milestones-
Avery, MCloed- DNA, W and Crick- double helix, L and D- mutation random, B and T- genes and enzyme rel, SP- prions, KM- PCR, B, T and L- genetic transmsisson, KL- ABO blood groups
Bacteria with the peptidoglycan cell wall, disease-causing and 37 cel-
Eubacteria
Odd, extreme bac, prokar, no peptido-
Archaea
Nucleues, cell organelle, etc-
Eukarya
Levels of classification-
Domain- largest; Species- smallest- Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species.
2 kingdoms of Protista-
Cavalier smith- Chromista (Golden brown algae, Chlorophyll A and C and other colorless) and Protozoa
Microbes that are innately dependent on other organisms for survival-
Parasite
Host response can be evaluated by-
signs and symptoms and immune control
Pathologic signs of Measles-
koplik spots in buccal mucosa
Why doesn’t most host-pathogen cause disease-
Depends on the immune system, mode of transmission and toxins
Infection is not always a disease-
Epidemiology.
