Intro to Micro

Question 1

What is micro-biology?

Answer 1

the study of microorganisms that cannot be seen with the naked eye

Question 2

Why is it important?

Answer 2

Normal flora, Pathogens in things like…
Health
Nature
Agriculture
Industry

Question 3

Normal flora

Answer 3

microorganisms that typically live on or in the body

Question 4

Pathogens

Answer 4

disease causing microorganisms

Question 5

Health

Answer 5

• Bacteria
• Viruses
• Parasites

Question 6

Nature

Answer 6

• Food sources
• Water sources
• Environmental cleanup

Question 7

Agriculture

Answer 7

•Crops
•Livestock

Question 8

Industry

Answer 8

•Foods
•Medicines

Question 9

Classification of Microorganisms

Answer 9

Prokaryotic, Eukaryotic, Acellular

Question 10

Bacteria & Archaea

Answer 10

Prokaryotic

Question 11

Algae, Fungi & Protozoa

Answer 11

Eukaryotic

Question 12

Viruses

Answer 12

Acellular

Question 13

Prokaryotic

Answer 13

No internal membrane bound structures

Question 14

Eukaryotic

Answer 14

Membrane-bound organelles and nucleus

Question 15

Acellular

Answer 15

Without a cell

Question 16

Binomial nomenclature

Answer 16

• two-word naming system for identifying organisms by genus and specific epithet

• ex. Homo sapiens or H. sapiens

Question 17

Strain

Answer 17

subtypes within a species which are almost genetically identical, but have different
attributes

• ex. E. coli

Question 18

Bacteria

Answer 18

Prokaryotic
• Most are harmless

Question 19

Archaea

Answer 19

Prokaryotic
•Live in extreme environments

Question 20

Algae

Answer 20

Eukaryotic
• Profist: not plant, animal, or fungi
• Photosynthetic
• Cell wall made of cellulose

Question 21

Protozoa

Answer 21

Eukaryotic
• Profist: not plant, animal, or fungi
• Some use cilia (hair-like) or flagella
(whip-like) structures to move
• Some are parasitic
• Parasitology - the study of parasites

Question 22

Fungi

Answer 22

Mycology - the study of fungi
Eukaryotic
• Cell wall made of chitin
• Multicellular fungi
• Ex. Mushrooms or mold
• Unicellular fungi
• Ex. Yeast

Question 23

Viruses

Answer 23

Acellular
• Protein + DNA or RNA
• After incorporation into a cell, can multiply and infect host

Question 24

Immunology

Answer 24

Immunity - the body’s ability to combat infection
Immunization - to produce immunity through exposure to altered, non-disease causing organisms

Question 25

Total magnification

Answer 25

ocular x objective

Question 26

Types of Microscopy

Answer 26

•Brightfield
•Darkfield
•Fluorescence

Question 27

Brightfield

Answer 27

two or more lenses produce a dark image on a bright background

Question 28

Darkfield

Answer 28

includes an opaque light stop, which blocks any light not reflected off the structure from passing through

Question 29

Fluorescence

Answer 29

transmits a set excitation wavelength and collects a set emission wavelength to monitor fluorochromes

Question 30

Preparing Specimens

Answer 30

Wet mount, Fixation

Question 31

Wet mount

Answer 31

used mostly for samples which are already a liquid unless a specific stain is being used

Question 32

Fixation

Answer 32

cells are attached to a slide via heat or chemicals

Question 33

Positive Staining:

Answer 33

• Dye is absorbed by cells of interest
• Typically basic because cell walls are negatively charged
• Crystal violet, malachite green, methylene blue, safranin

Question 34

Negative Staining:

Answer 34

• Dye is absorbed by background but not cells
• Typically acidic
• Eosin, rose bengal

Question 35

Differential Staining:

Answer 35

• Two different organisms can be differentiated
• Gram, endospore, flagella, capsule staining