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Legal and Ethics Issues for PAs > Intro to Medical Ethics > Flashcards

Intro to Medical Ethics Flashcards

1
Q

Define the term Ethics

A
  • Has multiple definitions
  • area of study that deals w/ what is morally right and wrong (i.e. good/bad behavior)
  • requires clinician to go beyond legal duties to provide more than minimum standard of care
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2
Q

What are the 4 tenets that should factor into every interaction/action w/ a pt

A
  • autonomy
  • beneficence
  • non-maleficence
  • justice
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3
Q

Describe Respect for Autonomy and give example

A
  • moral right of every individual to choose and follow his/her own plan of actions
  • applies to pt’s and clinicians
  • example: *pt has right to refuse tests, tx, etc
  • clinician may be morally against contraception and has right to not prescribe it (does need to make it available by other avenues though)
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4
Q

Describe Justice and give example

A
  • moral/social theories that attempt to distribute benefits and burdens of a social system in a fair/equitable way among all participants in the system (includes resources, risks, and costs)
  • example: 2 pts have liver failure - 1 due to autoimmune dz, other due to chronic alcohol abuse…does either have more right to transplant first?…does 2nd pt deserve a transplant?
  • example: 2 pts have back pain - 1 due to chronic dz, other due to newly dz metastatic CA…do you cancel 1st pt’s appt to see 2nd pt instead?
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5
Q

Describe Beneficence and give example

A
  • doing of active goodness, kindness, or charity (includes all actions intended to benefit another)
  • Respect for Autonomy may interfere w/ this
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6
Q

Describe Non-maleficence and give example

A
  • obligation not to inflict harm intentionally

- often goes hand in hand w/ beneficence

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7
Q

What does minimally acceptable standard of conduct mean

A

-identifies acts that are so wrong that clinicians will be held legally liable for committing them

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8
Q

Describe Morality

A
  • beliefs about what is right/wrong behaviors

- rest on values or beliefs that can’t be proven but simply accepted

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9
Q

What are the 6 Ethical Guidelines that should be applied to individual cases and approached w/ discretion and judgement

A
  1. showing respect for persons
  2. avoiding deception
  3. maintain confidentiality
  4. keeping promises
  5. acting in the best interest of the pt
  6. allocating resources justly
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10
Q

What 7 questions should a clinician ask themselves when addressing an ethical dilemmas

A
  1. In plain terms, what is the problem/dilemma
  2. What are the medical facts/issues
  3. What are the concerns/values/preferences of the clinician
  4. What are the concerns/values/preferences of the pt
  5. What are the ethical issues
  6. What ethical guidelines are at stake
  7. What practical considerations need to be addressed
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11
Q

Describe Professionalism

A

-conduct, aims, or qualities that characterize the goals and values of a profession

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12
Q

What are the 2 Major Realms of Professionalism in Medicine

A
  • interaction w/ pts and families

- interaction w/ other health care members

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13
Q

Describe Civility

A
  • respect for others

- one of foundation for professional behavior

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14
Q

What are the 4 Major Components of Civility

A
  • tolerance
  • respect
  • proper conduct
  • diplomacy
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15
Q

What are the 4 Core Values of Professionalism

A
  1. pt centered care
  2. integrity/accountability
  3. fair/ethical stewardship of resources
  4. pursuit of excellence
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16
Q

Describe Pt Centered Care when Interacting w/ Pts and Families

A
  • includes pt in decision making (respect autonomy)
  • provide accessibility to pts to ensure timely access and continuity of providers
  • act to benefit pt when a conflict of interest exists
  • build rapport
  • show empathy
  • communicate effectively
17
Q

Describe Pt Centered Care when Interacting w/ Health Care Team Members

A
  • work collaboratively w/ other members of care team to facilitate effective service to pt
  • demonstrate respect for other team members in all interactions
18
Q

Describe Integrity/Accountability when Interacting w/ Health Care Team Members

A
  • report impaired/incompetent colleagues
  • participate in evaluations of team
  • specify standards/procedures for hand-offs across settings of care to ensure coordination/continuity of care
19
Q

Describe Integrity/Accountability when Interacting w/ Pts and Families

A
  • maintain pt confidentiality
  • maintain appropriate relationships w/ pts
  • promptly disclose medical errors and take steps to remedy mistake
  • actively manage conflicts of interest/publicly disclose any relationships that may affect clinician recommendations related to dx and tx
20
Q

Describe Pursuit of Excellence when Interacting w/ Pts and Families

A
  • adhere to nationally recognized evidenced based guidelines; individualizing as needed but conforming w/ guidelines for majority of pts
  • engage in life long learning/professional development
  • apply system level continuous quality improvement to pt care
21
Q

Describe Pursuit of Excellence when Interacting w/ Health Care Team Members

A
  • participate in collaborative efforts to improve system level factors contributing to quality of care
  • develop/participate in local educational conferences on quality improvement
22
Q

Describe Fair/Ethical Stewardship of Health Care Resources when Interacting w/ Health Care Team Members

A
  • establish mechanisms for feedback from peers on resource use/appropriateness of care
  • work w/ clinical/nonclinical staff to continuously improve efficiency of care delivery process and ensure all members of care team are optimizing their contributions to care delivery/administration
  • actively work w/ colleagues to coordinate care/avoid redundant testing and maximize prudent resource use across settings
23
Q

Describe Fair/Ethical Stewardship of Health Care Resources when Interacting w/ Pt and Families

A
  • do not harm
  • do not provide unnecessary/unwarranted care
  • commit to deliver emergent care equitably, respecting the different needs/preferences of sub-populations, but w/o regard to INS status or ability to pay
  • deliver care in a culturally sensitive manner
24
Q

What are the 7 challenges to Professionalism

A
  1. abuse of power
  2. arrogance
  3. greed
  4. misrepresentation
  5. impairment
  6. lack of conscientiousness
  7. conflict of interest
25
Q

How can clinicians Prevent Professional Conflicts

A
  • make expectations known
  • communicate effectively
  • model civil behavior
  • maintain appropriate boundaries
26
Q

How can clinicians respond to Professional Conflicts

A
  • hold people responsible for their transgressions

- use an effective grievance process

Legal and Ethics Issues for PAs (8 decks)

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