intro to Kin + Posture

Question 1

causes of abnormal postures x4

Answer 1

structural problems
trauma
neurological conditions
prolonged positioning

Question 2

what is an exaggerated TS curve called?

Answer 2

kyphosis

Question 3

what is lateral deviation?

Answer 3

scoliosis

Question 3

what is a flattened curve called?

Answer 3

flat back

Question 4

coxa valga

Answer 4

angle of inclination > 125 degrees in femur

Question 4

what is an exaggerated lumbar spine called?

Answer 4

lordosis

Question 5

angle of inclination

Answer 5

the angle between shaft & neck of femur in frontal plane
- normal = ~125 degrees

Question 6

coxa vara

Answer 6

angle of inclination is < 125 degrees in femur

Question 7

renu recurvatum

Answer 7

knee extension > 5 degrees

Question 7

genu varum

Answer 7

distal segments positioned more medially than normal
- associated with coxa valga

Question 8

genu valgum

Answer 8

knees touching w/ ankles apart
- associated with coxa vara

Question 9

hallux valgus

Answer 9

valgus of great toe - distal end is oriented laterally

Question 9

pes planus

Answer 9

flat foot/arch

Question 10

pes cavus

Answer 10

high arch

Question 10

calcaneal valgus

Answer 10

distal aspect of the calcaneus is oriented laterally

Question 10

effects of mechanical stress

Answer 10

PAIN
-sustained stretch of jts/ligaments
- BVessel compression
- compression of nerve endings

intervention = modify posture

Question 11

calcaneal varus

Answer 11

the distal aspect of calcaneus is oriented medially

Question 12

muscles kept in stretched position are _____.

Answer 12

weakened

Question 13

muscles kept in shortened position lose _____.

Answer 13

elasticity
- strong only in shortened position - “tight weakness”

Question 14

postural dysfunction

Answer 14

development of adaptive shortening & muscle weakness d/t prolonged poor postural habits or s/p surgery -> pain

Question 15

relaxed/slouched (swayback)

Answer 15

tight: upper abs, internal intercostals, hip extensors, LL extensors
weak: lower abs, Lower thoracic extensors & hip flexors

• d/t: fatigue, muscle weakness & aattitudinal

Question 15

effect of impaired mm endurance

Answer 15

• endurance needed to keep good posture
• when mm fatigue, posture changes.
• with sustained load, mechanical stress occurs -> INJURY

Question 16

kyphosis (round back)

Answer 16

tight: ANT thorax, pecs, occipitals, scm, scalenes, lats, upper traps & mm mastication
weak: lower CS/upper TS erector spinae, scap retractors, ANT throat (hyoid) mm, capital flexors (rectus/longus capitis)

d/t: gravity, slouched posture, using phones, and poor ergonomic alignment

Question 16

postural fault

Answer 16

deviates from normal alignment, but has no structural impairments

Question 16

postural pain syndrome

Answer 16

pain from mechanical stress of prolonged faulty posture, typically relieved with activity, no impairments in strength/flexibility

Question 16

postural habits

Answer 16

good habits necessary to avoid postural pain syndromes/dysfunction

Question 17

common faulty postures x7

Answer 17

lordotic
relaxed/slouched (swayback)
flat low-back
kyphosis
flat upper-back/neck (military)
scoliosis
LE Asymmetries

Question 17

flat low-back

Answer 17

tight: trunk flexors & hip extensors
weak: lumbar extensors & hip flexors

d/t; slouching in flexion, overemphasis on flexion exercises

Question 17

lordotic posture

Answer 17

tight: lumbar extensors & hip flexors
weak: abdominals & hip extensors

d/t: pregnancy, obesity, bad posture or weak abdominals

Question 17

scoliosis

Answer 17

tight: muscles on the concave side of back
weak: muscles on the convex side of back

d/t: structural/nonstructural
- NM disease or d/o
- leg-length discrepancy, mm spasm, asymmetrical postures

Question 17

LE Asymmetries

Answer 17

tight: hip ABD on SL side, hip ADD on LL side
weak: hip ADD on SL side, hip ABD on LL side

d/t: structional/functional deviations at the hip, knee, ankle, or foot

Question 17

flat upper-back & neck

Answer 17

tight: cervical flexors, TS erector spinae & scapular retractors
weak: scapular protractors & ANT intercostals

d/t: not common just associated w military posture

Question 18

effect of hand dominance on posture (using one hand more than the other) x4

Answer 18

shoulder position
spinal alignment
muscle imbalance
pelvic tilt