intro to Kin + Posture Flashcards
causes of abnormal postures x4
structural problems
trauma
neurological conditions
prolonged positioning
what is an exaggerated TS curve called?
kyphosis
what is lateral deviation?
scoliosis
what is a flattened curve called?
flat back
coxa valga
angle of inclination > 125 degrees in femur
what is an exaggerated lumbar spine called?
lordosis
angle of inclination
the angle between shaft & neck of femur in frontal plane
- normal = ~125 degrees
coxa vara
angle of inclination is < 125 degrees in femur
renu recurvatum
knee extension > 5 degrees
genu varum
distal segments positioned more medially than normal
- associated with coxa valga
genu valgum
knees touching w/ ankles apart
- associated with coxa vara
hallux valgus
valgus of great toe - distal end is oriented laterally
pes planus
flat foot/arch
pes cavus
high arch
calcaneal valgus
distal aspect of the calcaneus is oriented laterally
effects of mechanical stress
PAIN
-sustained stretch of jts/ligaments
- BVessel compression
- compression of nerve endings
intervention = modify posture
calcaneal varus
the distal aspect of calcaneus is oriented medially
muscles kept in stretched position are _____.
weakened
muscles kept in shortened position lose _____.
elasticity
- strong only in shortened position - “tight weakness”
postural dysfunction
development of adaptive shortening & muscle weakness d/t prolonged poor postural habits or s/p surgery -> pain
relaxed/slouched (swayback)
tight: upper abs, internal intercostals, hip extensors, LL extensors
weak: lower abs, Lower thoracic extensors & hip flexors
- d/t: fatigue, muscle weakness & aattitudinal
effect of impaired mm endurance
- endurance needed to keep good posture
- when mm fatigue, posture changes.
- with sustained load, mechanical stress occurs -> INJURY
kyphosis (round back)
tight: ANT thorax, pecs, occipitals, scm, scalenes, lats, upper traps & mm mastication
weak: lower CS/upper TS erector spinae, scap retractors, ANT throat (hyoid) mm, capital flexors (rectus/longus capitis)
d/t: gravity, slouched posture, using phones, and poor ergonomic alignment
postural fault
deviates from normal alignment, but has no structural impairments
postural pain syndrome
pain from mechanical stress of prolonged faulty posture, typically relieved with activity, no impairments in strength/flexibility
postural habits
good habits necessary to avoid postural pain syndromes/dysfunction
common faulty postures x7
lordotic
relaxed/slouched (swayback)
flat low-back
kyphosis
flat upper-back/neck (military)
scoliosis
LE Asymmetries
flat low-back
tight: trunk flexors & hip extensors
weak: lumbar extensors & hip flexors
d/t; slouching in flexion, overemphasis on flexion exercises
lordotic posture
tight: lumbar extensors & hip flexors
weak: abdominals & hip extensors
d/t: pregnancy, obesity, bad posture or weak abdominals
scoliosis
tight: muscles on the concave side of back
weak: muscles on the convex side of back
d/t: structural/nonstructural
- NM disease or d/o
- leg-length discrepancy, mm spasm, asymmetrical postures
LE Asymmetries
tight: hip ABD on SL side, hip ADD on LL side
weak: hip ADD on SL side, hip ABD on LL side
d/t: structional/functional deviations at the hip, knee, ankle, or foot
flat upper-back & neck
tight: cervical flexors, TS erector spinae & scapular retractors
weak: scapular protractors & ANT intercostals
d/t: not common just associated w military posture
effect of hand dominance on posture (using one hand more than the other) x4
shoulder position
spinal alignment
muscle imbalance
pelvic tilt
