intro to Kin + Posture Flashcards by shawna shinody

causes of abnormal postures x4

structural problems
trauma
neurological conditions
prolonged positioning

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what is an exaggerated TS curve called?

kyphosis

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what is lateral deviation?

scoliosis

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what is a flattened curve called?

flat back

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coxa valga

angle of inclination > 125 degrees in femur

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what is an exaggerated lumbar spine called?

lordosis

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angle of inclination

the angle between shaft & neck of femur in frontal plane
- normal = ~125 degrees

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coxa vara

angle of inclination is < 125 degrees in femur

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renu recurvatum

knee extension > 5 degrees

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genu varum

distal segments positioned more medially than normal
- associated with coxa valga

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genu valgum

knees touching w/ ankles apart
- associated with coxa vara

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hallux valgus

valgus of great toe - distal end is oriented laterally

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pes planus

flat foot/arch

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pes cavus

high arch

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calcaneal valgus

distal aspect of the calcaneus is oriented laterally

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effects of mechanical stress

PAIN
-sustained stretch of jts/ligaments
- BVessel compression
- compression of nerve endings

intervention = modify posture

calcaneal varus

the distal aspect of calcaneus is oriented medially

muscles kept in stretched position are _____.

weakened

muscles kept in shortened position lose _____.

elasticity
- strong only in shortened position - “tight weakness”

postural dysfunction

development of adaptive shortening & muscle weakness d/t prolonged poor postural habits or s/p surgery -> pain

relaxed/slouched (swayback)

tight: upper abs, internal intercostals, hip extensors, LL extensors
weak: lower abs, Lower thoracic extensors & hip flexors

d/t: fatigue, muscle weakness & aattitudinal

effect of impaired mm endurance

endurance needed to keep good posture
when mm fatigue, posture changes.
with sustained load, mechanical stress occurs -> INJURY

kyphosis (round back)

tight: ANT thorax, pecs, occipitals, scm, scalenes, lats, upper traps & mm mastication
weak: lower CS/upper TS erector spinae, scap retractors, ANT throat (hyoid) mm, capital flexors (rectus/longus capitis)

d/t: gravity, slouched posture, using phones, and poor ergonomic alignment

postural fault

deviates from normal alignment, but has no structural impairments

postural pain syndrome

pain from mechanical stress of prolonged faulty posture, typically relieved with activity, no impairments in strength/flexibility

postural habits

good habits necessary to avoid postural pain syndromes/dysfunction

common faulty postures x7

lordotic relaxed/slouched (swayback) flat low-back kyphosis flat upper-back/neck (military) scoliosis LE Asymmetries

flat low-back

tight: trunk flexors & hip extensors weak: lumbar extensors & hip flexors d/t; slouching in flexion, overemphasis on flexion exercises

lordotic posture

tight: lumbar extensors & hip flexors weak: abdominals & hip extensors d/t: pregnancy, obesity, bad posture or weak abdominals

scoliosis

tight: muscles on the concave side of back weak: muscles on the convex side of back d/t: structural/nonstructural - NM disease or d/o - leg-length discrepancy, mm spasm, asymmetrical postures

LE Asymmetries

tight: hip ABD on SL side, hip ADD on LL side weak: hip ADD on SL side, hip ABD on LL side d/t: structional/functional deviations at the hip, knee, ankle, or foot

flat upper-back & neck

tight: cervical flexors, TS erector spinae & scapular retractors weak: scapular protractors & ANT intercostals d/t: not common just associated w military posture

effect of hand dominance on posture (using one hand more than the other) x4

shoulder position spinal alignment muscle imbalance pelvic tilt