intro to Goni

Question 1

goniometry

Answer 1

measure of angles

Question 2

starting point positions x2

Answer 2

anatomical
fundamental (neutral)

Question 3

ROM

Answer 3

arc of motion in degrees between the beginning & end of motion in a specific plane

Question 4

joints @ zero degrees when …

Answer 4

body is in anatomical position (flex/ext, abd/add)
body is neutral (rotation)

Question 5

hyperextension

Answer 5

extension beyond normal

Question 6

AROM

Answer 6

arc of motion voluntarily produced by pts

Question 7

AROM is limited, painful, or awkward… this needs to be asses further

Answer 7

PROM & additional testing to clarify problem

Question 8

PROM

Answer 8

act of motion produced by external force of examiner

Question 9

pain during PROM ->

Answer 9

d/t movement, stretching, or pinching of noncontractile tissues

Question 10

pain at end PROM ->

Answer 10

stretching of contractile/noncontractile structures

Question 11

pain with AROM

Answer 11

contractile tissues

Question 12

FROM

Answer 12

functional ROM, how much ROM is required for functional activity

Question 13

contractile

Answer 13

muscle or tendon

Question 14

noncontractile

Answer 14

cartilage, meniscus, labrum

Question 15

hypomobility

Answer 15

reduced ROM substantially
- end feel is early in ROM & different quality

Question 16

orthopedic conditions

Answer 16

osteoarthritis, spinal disorders, metabolic disorders

Question 17

immobilization

Answer 17

burns or fractures

Question 18

neurological conditions

Answer 18

CVA, head trauma, CP< CRPs

Question 19

capsular pattern of restriction

Answer 19

• patho conditions w a joint capsule
• involves all or most motions of a jt
• jt effusion, synovial inflammation, relative capsular fibrosis

Question 20

noncapsular pattern

Answer 20

• NOT involving joint capsule
• more ligament stretching, muscle strains, or mm contractures
• involves 1 or 2 motions of joint

Question 21

hypermobility

Answer 21

joint moves beyond normal limits
- d/t laxity of ST

Question 22

causes of hypermobility x5

Answer 22

ehlers-danlos syndrome
trauma to joint
rheumatic disease
Marfan syndrome
osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 23

muscle length test

Answer 23

determine whether hypo/hypermobility is caused by the length of mm or other structures

Question 24

max muscle length

Answer 24

greatest extensibility of a muscle-tendon unit

Question 25

mm length testing - 1jt mm

Answer 25

same as goniometry measure PROM in opp direction to mm's active function - if limited PROM w be limited & end-feel will be firm

Question 26

mm length testing -2jt mm

Answer 26

pt positioned so passive tension (insufficiency) does not limit joint's ROM - ex: hip flexion -> knee flex vs ext to assess length, pt positioned so mm is lengthened over proximal & distal jt that it crosses - end-feel = firm - measure ROM in direction opposite to mm's action @ 2nd joint - ex: triceps - ROM @ elbow w elbow & shoulder in full flexion

Question 27

stabilization

Answer 27

- requires practice - stabilize with 1 hand, simultaneously move distal segment with 2nd hand - May require 2nd person to assist at times

Question 28

body of goni

Answer 28

contains the scales for obtaining measurement readings

Question 29

moving arm of goni

Answer 29

moves with the segment you are assessing

Question 30

stationary arm of goni

Answer 30

cannot be moves independently of the body

Question 31

use anatomical _____ to align the goniometer

Answer 31

landmarks - fully exposed, visualized, & palpatable

Question 32

stationary arm alignment

Answer 32

parallel to proximal segment

Question 33

fulcrum alignment

Answer 33

over the approximate location of the axis of motion

Question 34

moving arm alignment

Answer 34

parallel to distal segment

Question 35

this uses gravity’s effect on pointers and fluid levels to measure joint position and motion - for spinal motion

Answer 35

inclinometer

Question 36

T/F: Inclinometers should not be used interchangeably with goniometers

Answer 36

true, may provide different results

Question 37

recording goni measurements (N) = (WNL) =

Answer 37

normal within normal limits - record both beginning & end joint positions

Question 38

hypermobility goni recording

Answer 38

starting position is listed in hyperextension, then 0, then flexion (or vis versa)

Question 39

precaution x1

Answer 39

increase pain w testing

Question 40

contraindications x6

Answer 40

joint dislocation/subluxation unstable fractures rupture of tendon/ligament severe osteoporosis disruptive to the healing process infectious or acute inflammatory process