intro to Goni Flashcards
goniometry
measure of angles
starting point positions x2
anatomical
fundamental (neutral)
ROM
arc of motion in degrees between the beginning & end of motion in a specific plane
joints @ zero degrees when …
body is in anatomical position (flex/ext, abd/add)
body is neutral (rotation)
hyperextension
extension beyond normal
AROM
arc of motion voluntarily produced by pts
AROM is limited, painful, or awkward… this needs to be asses further
PROM & additional testing to clarify problem
PROM
act of motion produced by external force of examiner
pain during PROM ->
d/t movement, stretching, or pinching of noncontractile tissues
pain at end PROM ->
stretching of contractile/noncontractile structures
pain with AROM
contractile tissues
FROM
functional ROM, how much ROM is required for functional activity
contractile
muscle or tendon
noncontractile
cartilage, meniscus, labrum
hypomobility
reduced ROM substantially
- end feel is early in ROM & different quality
orthopedic conditions
osteoarthritis, spinal disorders, metabolic disorders
immobilization
burns or fractures
neurological conditions
CVA, head trauma, CP< CRPs
capsular pattern of restriction
- patho conditions w a joint capsule
- involves all or most motions of a jt
- jt effusion, synovial inflammation, relative capsular fibrosis
noncapsular pattern
- NOT involving joint capsule
- more ligament stretching, muscle strains, or mm contractures
- involves 1 or 2 motions of joint
hypermobility
joint moves beyond normal limits
- d/t laxity of ST
causes of hypermobility x5
ehlers-danlos syndrome
trauma to joint
rheumatic disease
Marfan syndrome
osteogenesis imperfecta
muscle length test
determine whether hypo/hypermobility is caused by the length of mm or other structures
max muscle length
greatest extensibility of a muscle-tendon unit
mm length testing - 1jt mm
same as goniometry
measure PROM in opp direction to mm’s active function
- if limited PROM w be limited & end-feel will be firm
mm length testing -2jt mm
pt positioned so passive tension
(insufficiency) does not limit joint’s ROM
- ex: hip flexion -> knee flex vs ext
to assess length, pt positioned so mm is lengthened over proximal & distal jt that it crosses
- end-feel = firm
- measure ROM in direction opposite to mm’s action @ 2nd joint
- ex: triceps - ROM @ elbow w elbow & shoulder in full flexion
stabilization
- requires practice
- stabilize with 1 hand, simultaneously move distal segment with 2nd hand
- May require 2nd person to assist at times
body of goni
contains the scales for obtaining measurement readings
moving arm of goni
moves with the segment you are assessing
stationary arm of goni
cannot be moves independently of the body
use anatomical _____ to align the goniometer
landmarks
- fully exposed, visualized, & palpatable
stationary arm alignment
parallel to proximal segment
fulcrum alignment
over the approximate location of the axis of motion
moving arm alignment
parallel to distal segment
this uses gravity’s effect on pointers and fluid levels to measure joint position and motion
- for spinal motion
inclinometer
T/F: Inclinometers should not be used interchangeably with goniometers
true, may provide different results
recording goni measurements
(N) =
(WNL) =
normal
within normal limits
- record both beginning & end joint positions
hypermobility goni recording
starting position is listed in hyperextension, then 0, then flexion (or vis versa)
precaution x1
increase pain w testing
contraindications x6
joint dislocation/subluxation
unstable fractures
rupture of tendon/ligament
severe osteoporosis
disruptive to the healing process
infectious or acute inflammatory process
